34 ❯ STEP 2. Determine Your Test Readiness
- A—(Chapter 14) According to Freud’s model of the psyche, the superego provides
standards for critical and moral judgment. The id operates on the pleasure principle
and demands immediate gratification. The role of the ego is to mediate the demands
of the other two. Tyler’s tantrum and foot stomping are due to the demands of his id
and the desire for immediate gratification—and the return of his lost toy. - E—(Chapter 14) The Rorschach presents ambiguous inkblots so that test takers will
project their unconscious thoughts or feelings onto them. - D—(Chapter 15) In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same
score. - C—(Chapter 15) Salovey and Mayer described emotional intelligence as the ability
to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions. - D—(Chapter 15) All good tests must have content validity and reliability. Aptitude
tests, but not achievement tests, must have predictive validity. - A—(Chapter 15) Heritability is the proportion of variation among individuals in a
population that results from genetic causes. All polar bears inherit transparent hairs that
appear white. None of the variation results from genetic causes. - B—(Chapter 15) Claude Steele hypothesizes that at least part of the difference in scores
can be attributed to anxiety that influences members of a group concerned that their
performance on a test will confirm a negative stereotype. - B—(Chapter 15) Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to find major trends in
large amounts of data. It seeks to find similarities, clusters, or groups of related items.
This technique can be used on large surveys to identify consistencies in an individual’s
responses, as well as similarities among groups of respondents. - B—(Chapter 16) Abnormal behavior is statistically rare, violates cultural norms, person-
ally interferes with day-to-day living, and legally may cause a person to be unable to
know right from wrong. Her behavior seems bizarre to others, but not to her. - C—(Chapter 16) According to Freudian theory, all abnormal behavior results from
unconscious conflicts that have not been resolved. - C—(Chapter 16) Narcissistic personality is characterized by preoccupation with
fantasies about ultimate power, riches, brilliance, or beauty, as well as an unwarranted
sense of self-importance. - A—(Chapter 16) A hallucination is a sensory experience in the absence of an external
stimulus, which in this case is hearing a voice that isn’t there. - A—(Chapter 16) The main purposes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders are to both classify and diagnose psychological disorders. It does not
discuss physiological disorders, nor does it offer any suggestions for treatment or cure. - B—(Chapter 16) Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by consistent lack of
regard for right and wrong and the rights and feelings of others. People with antisocial
personality disorder show no guilt or shame for their behavior. The disorder is more
prevalent in men and symptoms often begin to appear as early as age 15. Because of
these characteristics, people with this disorder typically can’t fulfill responsibilities
related to family, work, or school. - D—(Chapter 16) Negative symptoms of schizophrenia refers to a lack of characteris-
tics in patients that should be present, such as social withdrawal, reduced speech, and
flat affect. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are those that are overt and should not
be present. As such, delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thought are positive
symptoms. - C—(Chapter 16) Obsessive-compulsive disorder is most often found in teens and
young adults. Onset begins by age 25, although it can appear in childhood as well. The
disorder is slightly more prevalent in females but can begin to appear earlier in males.