Barrons AP Environmental Science

(Marvins-Underground-K-12) #1

  1. (E) Nitrous oxide is emitted by bacteria in soils and oceans and has 300
    times more impact as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide is
    the fourth largest contributor to greenhouse gases ranked behind water
    vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.
    Radon (Rn) is a radioactive element and occurs naturally as the decay
    product of uranium and thorium. Radon sticks to dust particles in the air. If
    contaminated dust is inhaled, these particles can stick to the airways of the
    lung and increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Radon is responsible
    for the majority of the public exposure to radiation. Radon gas from natural
    sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as
    attics and basements. According to the Environmental Protection Agency
    (EPA), radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer, after
    cigarette smoking, causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United
    States.
    Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a poisonous gas with a pungent, irritating smell
    that is naturally released by volcanoes. Further oxidation of SO 2 , usually in
    the presence of a catalyst such as NO 2 , forms H 2 SO 4 , and thus acid rain.
    Sulfur dioxide emissions are also a precursor to particulates in the
    atmosphere.
    Formaldehyde (CH 2 O) is found in plants, fruits, vegetables, animals
    (including humans), and seafood. The highest concentrations of
    formaldehyde are found in dried shiitake mushrooms (up to 400 mg
    formaldehyde per kg of mushroom). Formaldehyde is essential in human
    metabolism and is required for the synthesis of DNA and amino acids.

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