Macmillan English Grammar

We often use time words and phrases with present perfect simple to make the meaning clear.
jusf, recently Someone has just brokenawindowo
Scientists have recently found more than 30 unknown insects.
ever?, never Have you ever flown inahelicopter? I've never travelled by pIane.
already(sooner than expected) I've already finished my homework. It was easy!
yet?(we expect something to happen soon) Have you finished yet?
not...yet(for things which have not happened so far)Peter hasn't phoned yet. I'm still waiting.
forandsince
We useforwith a length of time.
She's worked here for ten years.
We usesincewith a point of time to describe when the period of time began.
They've lived here since 2001.

beenandgone
A number of astronauts have beentothe Moon.
The space probe Voyager has gone past the planet Neptune.

(and have returned)

(it hasn't returned )

1 Complete the sentence using a verb from the list in present perfect simple form.

colIect

put up

instalI

recycle

organize

replace

paint

s-eOO

plant

show

.Whatwehavedone to makeouLschooLa.gre.ener.pJac.e..........

.a_We hay~s~l'\..l information leaflets to all parents.

b We info.onati.on.pos.ters.in.eyerydassr.o.om~ _ __.

cWe.. over five tonnes.of Jitter for recycling.

d We .............................................................................fifteentreesJn.front.oLtbe.schoo.1..._ __.

..e .. We 501igbtbulbs_withenergy."saving.bulhs .._ __. ._. __

f We. 25 ink cartridges from computer printers.

g We.... three Jilms about howto save energy.

.h. We ....... .......signson.alLtbe.d.oors.reminding.people.toturn.off.the lights.

We.......... fL'le.D.ew.energy..:.savingheaters._. ~.

We teams.QLstudents.to ..turn_oJLunused.Jjghts._.~ .. _.

2 Read these sentences about fish. Then put the verb in brackets into present perfect simple form.

a About 15% of protein eaten by humans

(always come) ...haSalwe"1S.~QrIA.? ...from fish.

b Recently, however, the num ber of fish (falI) ..

c Several things (cause). .. this

problem.

d Most scientists agree that governments (not do)

.. enough to stop

overfishing.

e This means that fish populations (grow)

....smalIer.

f Many fish (not reproduce) ..

fast enough to replace their numbers.

g The population of North Sea cod, for example,

(reach) a dangerous level.

h EU laws (reduce). the

numbers of fishing boats.

As a result, many fishermen in traditional fishing

ports (lose) ... their jobs.

In re cent years, fish in the UK (becorne)

..expensive, and many

people (stop) ... eating it.

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