308 / Types of Writing
Endnotes follow these peculiarities:
- Endnotes are numbered consecutively.
- The numbers, both in the text and in the notes themselves, are raised, written
as superscript. - The notes are indented like paragraphs.
- They are followed by periods, as if they were complete sentences.
- Endnotes are double-spaced.
Sample note forms are listed later in this section, along with their corresponding
bibliography entry forms.
Preparing a Bibliography
A bibliography is always part of a research paper. It may be one of two kinds: a list
of those works cited in the paper, or a list of all works consulted, some of which may
not have been cited. The advantage of the former is its brevity; the advantage of the
latter is its demonstration of thorough research. Use whichever form your instructor
prefers.
Note the following peculiarities of the bibliography in general:
-^ The bibliography begins on a new page at the end of the paper. The entries are
arranged alphabetically by authors’ last names.
-^ The bibliography uses hanging indentation: all lines but the first are indented.
This format allows for ease in finding listings.
-^ Items in the bibliography are followed by a period, as if each were a sentence.
-^ Each note has a corresponding bibliography entry.
-^ The bibliography page is double-spaced.
-^ If two cited works are written by the same author, alphabetize by title. Omit the
author’s name in the second citation; instead, use a long dash (the equivalent of
three hyphens).
Additional details of format are noted in the illustrations later in this section.
Note and Bibliography Forms
In general, a note or bibliography entry will include the author’s name, titles of
works, and publication information (city of publication, publisher, and date). The
note will also include a page reference. The following samples show bibliography,
parenthetical-note, and endnote forms.