448 / Glossary
pyramid, inverted the organization of a paragraph in which the most important
idea appears first, followed by the second most important, and so on; typical
journalistic style.
question mark a mark of punctuation (?) used to end interrogative sentences.
quotation the words or passage cited as an example or authority, as from a book
or author. Enclosed in quotation marks. [See Chapter 34, Research Paper, for a dis-
cussion of the proper use of quotations as supporting details.]
quotation marks marks of punctuation (“ ”) used in pairs to enclose a direct
quotation. Single quotation marks (‘ ’) are used to enclose a quotation within a
quotation.
redundancy the use of more words than are needed; wordiness. [See Chapter 3,
Revising, for eliminating wordiness.]
reference, for research paper any book, periodical, or other media used as
secondary research for the development of a research paper.
reflexive pronoun a pronoun ending in –self or –selves which refers to the ante-
cedent. Example: I bought the book for myself. Compare with intensive pronoun.
relative clause a subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun, who,
whose, whom, which, and that. Example: I wore the hat that you bought. [See
Chapter 44, Phrases and Clauses.]
relative pronoun a pronoun used to introduce relative clauses: who, whose,
whom, which, and that.
research a systematic study or investigation in a field of knowledge, to discover
or establish facts or principles, including both primary and secondary methods of
research. [See Glossary entries.]
research paper a paper that reports research, both primary and secondary, and
includes documentation presented according to a specified form. [See Chapter 34,
Research Paper.]
resolution the part of a novel, play, story, and so on, in which the plot is explained
or made clear.
resume a statement of a job applicant’s previous employment experience and edu-
cation. [See Chapter 35, Resume.]
review a report, as in a newspaper, telling about a book, play, concert, and so on,
and giving an opinion of it. [See Chapter 36, Review.]
revision the act of correcting, improving, or bringing up to date as necessary. [See
Chapter 3, Revising.]
rhyme likeness of sound at the ends of words or lines of verse.
rhythm 1. the flow or movement having a regularly repeated pattern of accents
and beats. 2. the form or pattern of the regularly repeated stressed and
unstressed or long and short syllables.