Western Civilization - History Of European Society

Europe in the Age of The Cold War,1945–75631

ing European empires (Belgium, Britain, France, Portu-
gal, and Spain), plus the United States, did not support
this resolution, but they could not overcome global
support for it.
Conservative governments in Britain and France,
long the staunchest imperialists, recognized that the
age of empire—or “the great western party,” as one
black leader termed it—was over. Prime Minister
Harold MacMillan acknowledged this in a 1960 speech
discussing the “wind of change” blowing across the
African continent. His Tory government of 1957–64
granted Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and four other territo-
ries independence. President de Gaulle, who had coura-

geously granted Algerian independence at the risk of

French civil war, presided over the independence of

thirteen more French African colonies between 1958

and 1962.

The European Economic Community,

1945–75

The most historic trend in postwar Europe may not

have been reconstruction and prosperity, the revival of

democratic government, the cold war between the

BRUNEI

(1984)

PAPUA

NEW

GUINEA

(1975)

SINGAPORE

(1965)

MALAYSIA

MALAYA (1963)

(1957)

PHILIPPINES

(1946)

SRI LANKA

(CEYLON)

(1948)

MALDIVES

(1965)

IN

DO

NE

SIA

( (^1949) )
INDIA
(1947)
PAKISTAN
(1947)
AFGHANISTAN
KASHMIR
NEPAL
BHUTAN
BANGLADESH
(1971)
MYANMAR
(BURMA)
(1948) LAOS(1953)
VIETNAM
(1954)
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
(1954)
MACAO
(Portugal)
MONGOLIA
HONG KONG (British to 1997)
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Taiwan)
N. KOREA
(1947)
S. KOREA
(1948)
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
OF CHINA
(est. 1949) JAPA
N
Marianas Is.
(U.S.)
Caroline Is.
(U.S.)
Sakhalin
(U.S.S.R.)

Pacific

Ocean

Indian Ocean

South

China

Sea

0 500 1000 Miles

0 500 1000 1500 Kilometers

Disputed border

Date of independence

United Nations trust territory

Disputed areas annexed by China

( )

MAP 31.3

Decolonization in Asia