Using Key Terms
1.The development of heredity allowed
organisms to store and pass on
a.information.
b.energy.
c.radioisotopes.
d.ultraviolet radiation.
2.Eukaryotic cells likely evolved from
a.eubacteria.
b.archaebacteria.
c.cyanobacteria.
d.mitochondria.
3.Eukaryotes originated as a result of
a.mass extinctions.
b.endosymbiosis.
c.multicellularity.
d.photosynthesis.
4.The oxygen that became ozone in Earth’s
atmosphere was originally formed through
photosynthesis by
a.mycorrhizae. c.arthropods.
b.cyanobacteria. d.eubacteria.
5.For each set of terms, write one or more
sentences summarizing information
learned in this chapter.
a.spontaneous origin, primordial soup,
Miller-Urey experiment
b.microsphere, cell, sea water
c.endosymbiosis, archaebacteria, protistUnderstanding Key Ideas
6.After three half-lives of a radioisotope have
passed, how much of the original radioiso-
tope has decayed?
a.1/8 c.3/4
b.1/2 d.7/8
7.Unlike the primordial soup model,
Lerman’s bubble model takes ______
into account.
a.ozone
b.ultraviolet radiation
c.lightning
d.volcanoes8.Cells are different from microspheres
because cells
a.contain amino acids.
b.have a two-layer outer boundary.
c.grow by taking in molecules from their
surroundings.
d.transfer information through heredity.
9.Cell specialization came about as a
result of
a.endosymbiosis. c.the Cambrian period.
b.archaebacteria. d.multicellularity.
10.The first multicellular organisms to invade
the land were
a.reptiles. c.fungi and plants.
b.amphibians. d.mammals.
11.Describe the evidence that supports the
theory of endosymbiosis.
12. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,700 years.
If a sample originally had 26 g of
carbon-14, how much would it contain
after 22,800 years?
13.What is the half-life of the radioisotope
represented in the graph?14.Relate the order in which different types of
organisms invaded the land to the flow of
energy. (Hint: See Chapter 5, Section 1.)- Concept Mapping Construct a concept
map that shows how life might have origi-
nated by natural forces. Include the following
items in your map: spontaneous origin,
primordial soup model, bubble model, RNA,
proteins, microspheres, andradioisotopes.
Performance
ZONE
270 CHAPTER 12Review
CHAPTER REVIEW
Radioactive Decay(^00) 1.0 2.0
50
100
150
200
3.0 4.0 5.0
Grams
(of radioactive
material remaining)
Time (in billions of years)
2C 6A
4A
5B
7B
3A
3A
7B 12E
2C 3E
7B
7B
7B
3E