Figure 14.31: The Great White Shark is a fish that preys on other fish and marine mammals.
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iguana, which is found only at the Galapagos Islands (Figure14.32). Most sea snakes bear
live young in the ocean and do not need to come on land to breed. But turtles, crocodiles,
and marine iguanas all lay their eggs on land, which makes both eggs and adults vulnerable
to predation. For example, people use sea turtles or their eggs for food, for their shells,
and for the medicinal purposes that some cultures believe they possess. Sea turtles are
endangered species, so they are protected in many countries around the world.
Seabirds
Everybody loves penguins, a type of bird adapted to the sea (Figure14.33). They do not
fly; rather they are adapted to swimming and may spend half of their time at sea looking
for food. There are many other kinds of seabirds, though, like gulls, gannets, pelicans, and
petrels. Seabirds are adapted to catching fish by diving or by grabbing them at the surface
with their claws.
Marine Mammals
Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that feed their young with milk. Most mammals
have hair, ears, a jaw bone with teeth, and give birth to developed young. There are
five types of marine mammals. The first type is termed Cetaceans which include whales,
dolphins, and porpoises. The second type is called Sirenians which include the manatee and
the dugong. Seals, sea lions, and walruses comprise the Pinniped group. Sea otters are the
ocean members of the fourth group, the Mustelids, which also includes skunks, badgers and