Documenting United States History

108 ChApTEr 4 | an atlantiC eMpire | period three 175 4 –18 0 0

ApplyIng Ap® historical Thinking Skills

c omBInIng sKIlls Historical Causation and Historical

Argumentation

Documents 4.9 through 4.14 relate to the relations between the United States and France.

The documents begin with a treaty between the two countries and end with a document in

which the author of the Declaration of Independence is portrayed as an enemy to the United

States because of his worship of “Gallic (French) Despotism.”

Consider the following prompt:

Between 1778 and 1798, the relations between France and the United States rapidly

deteriorated, but the origins of this deterioration lay in the century-old hostilities

between British Americans and the French. Accept, modify, or refute this statement.

This prompt presents a thesis without proving it. It then asks you to agree with the thesis,

reject the thesis, or modify the thesis in the form of a historical argument.

steP 1 First, review your textbook, your class notes, and the documents in this book on

the subject of British-American and French relations between 1700 and 1798. Here are

documents that will help you:

Document 3.5, Thomas Oliver, Letter to Queen Anne, 1708

Document 3.6, Treaty of Utrecht, 1713

Document 4.1, North America before and after the French and Indian War, 1754 and 1763

Document 4.9, Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France, 1778

Document 4.11, Treaty of Paris, 1783

Document 4.12, Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Thomas Pinckney, 1793

Document 4.13, Thomas Jefferson, Letter to James Monroe, 1795

Document 4.14, Anti-Jefferson Cartoon, “The Providential Detection,” 1797

After you have reviewed these documents and your classroom sources, complete the follow-

ing table. For each category, brainstorm at least three causes with documentary evidence for

each cause. One example in each category has been provided.

prACTICIng historical Thinking

Identify: Describe the conflict that is depicted in the image.

Analyze: Explain the meaning of the written words as they relate to the images.

What is the significance of the eagle? The altar? What arguments are implied by

the use of these images?

Evaluate: How does the creator of this cartoon feel about Thomas Jefferson? What

evidence from the cartoon helps you make this claim?

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