Documenting United States History

208 chAPTEr 8 | the marKet reVoLUtion | period Four 18 0 0 –1848 putting it all together^209209

Revolution and use of the term “turning point” are evidence that she is practicing

periodization, and her use of the active verb “signaled” clarifies that the context

and summary of the document are her own.

Quoting when crafting a historical argument

Original quote from John C. Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and Protest”

(Doc. 8.7):

The effect on us is to compel us to purchase at a higher price, both what

we purchase from them and from others, without receiving a corre-

sponding increase of price for what we sell. The price at which we can

afford to cultivate, must depend on the price at which we receive our

supplies.

Sample analysis:

To support his opposition to the federal tariff, Calhoun argues that

the result leaves the South in a deficit and that farmers in the South

will not receive a “corresponding increase of price” (Doc. 8.7) for their

cotton. Calhoun’s claim advocates for regional economics over a na-

tional economy.

Here a writer offers explicit evidence (in the form of a short direct quotation) as

well as implicit evidence. Note how in the second sentence, he uses the active verb

“advocates” to attribute the summary argument (presented in his own words) to

Calhoun.

Quoting when practicing contextualization

Original quote from John O’Sullivan’s editorial on Manifest Destiny (Doc. 8.9):

It is our unparalleled glory that we have no reminiscences of battle fields,

but in defence of humanity, of the oppressed of all nations, of the rights

of conscience, the rights of personal enfranchisement.

Sample analysis:

O’Sullivan’s reference to “unparalleled glory” (Doc. 8.9) reflects the

era’s political version of Manifest Destiny. Unlike the more geographic

versions of Manifest Destiny that were discussed during the Jacksonian

era, O’Sullivan situates Manifest Destiny in a political context by promising

the expansion of voting rights.

Here the writer places her quotation in the context of the era from which it is

drawn and then contrasts it with views from another era. She uses quotation marks

and citations, not merely referencing the document number but also contrasting

Jacksonian era views with what O’Sullivan says “here.” This approach keeps the

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