Seeking the Main Point 277

b

oth North and South mobilized their economies and societies during

the Civil War, and early in the war, the South achieved many victories

despite its smaller population and largely agricultural economy. Presi-

dent Abraham Lincoln’s issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in

1862 changed the goal of the conflict from maintaining the Union to

assuring freedom for enslaved African Americans in the American South. Ulti-

mately, the North secured victory through its military and economic superiority

over the South.

The abolition of slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment proved to be the

most far-reaching and immediate result of the war. This sweeping reform was

followed by the Fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed that the federal

government would protect civil rights, and the Fifteenth Amendment, which

removed racial barriers from voting. Although these three amendments led to

temporary political successes for formerly enslaved African Americans through-

out the 1870s, Northern support for Reconstruction—the remaking of the South

with racial equality and economic justice—faltered as Southern resistance to

reforms, often in violent attacks on African Americans and their Northern and

Southern supporters, quashed the progress that had been made in the first years

after the war.

DOcumEnT

AP® KE y

cOncEPTs PAgE

12.9 “Emancipation of the Slaves by the Confederate

Government,” Charleston Mercury

5.3 I A 290

12.10 Ruins of Richmond 5.3 I A, 5.3 I C 291

Applying AP® Historical Thinking Skills

Skill Review: Historical Causation and Periodization

Thinking Skill 1.1,

Thinking Skill 1.3

292

Topic III: Reconstruction

12.11 Anti-Reconstruction Cartoon, Independent Monitor 5.3 II C 294

12.12 Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments 6.2 III A 295

12.13 Thomas Nast, “This Is a White Man’s Government” 5.3 III A 295

12.14 Sharecropper Contract 5.3 II A 296

Applying AP® Historical Thinking Skills

Skill Review: Comparison, Interpretation, and Synthesis

Thinking Skill 2.4,

Thinking Skill 4.8,

Thinking Skill 4.9

298

276 ChapTeR 12 | War and EManciPation | Period Five 1844 –1877

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