Documenting United States History

292 ChapTER 12 | War and eManCipation | period Five 1844 –1877 TopIC^ II^ |^ tot al Wa r^293

The following table lists documents and events that followed the Emancipation Procla-

mation. Complete the chart to reflect general patterns, trends, and developments.

Document Event

patterns, trends,

developments

Doc. 12.6, Ulysses S. Grant, Memoirs Brutality of war

Doc. 12.7, Call for Black Troops Call for black troops Retaliation

Doc. 12.8, Abraham Lincoln,

Gettysburg Address

Doc. 12.9, “Emancipation of the

Slaves by the Confederate

Government,” Charleston Mercury

Argument for states’ rights

Doc. 12.10, Ruins of Richmond Economic devastation

steP 2 Periodize the evidence

To periodize this era, consider the evidence in light of the following questions:

1. What did the Emancipation Proclamation represent for freed African Americans in an
   economic sense? In a social sense? In a political sense?


2. What did the Emancipation Proclamation mean for whites in the North? In the South?


3. To what extent did the Emancipation Proclamation change attitudes toward the war? To
   what extent did it change the war itself?

Americans were divided about how best to accept this newly freed population. Thus, any

characterization of this period must take into account the various points of view toward the

Emancipation Proclamation.

steP 3 Write your response

If the Proclamation is a turning point, characterize the periods both before and after the

Proclamation. Write your response in your notebook.

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