Documenting United States History

466 ChApTEr 20 | the BreaKDoWn oF ConsensUs | period eight 19 45 –198 0 TopIC II | the shattering Consensus^467467

Resubmission of Unratified Treaties to the Senate

The President should resubmit to the U.S. Senate of the next Congress those trea-

ties negotiated with Indian nations or their representatives, but never heretofore

ratified nor rendered moot by subsequent treaty contract with such Indians not

having ratified treaties with the United States. The primary purpose to be served

shall be that of restoring the rule of law to the relationships between such Indians

and the United States, and resuming a recognition of rights controlled by treaty

relations where the failure to ratify prior treaties operated to affirm the cessions

and loss of title to Indian lands and territory, but failed to secure and protect the

reservations of lands, rights, and resources reserved against cession, relinquish-

ment, or loss, the Senate should adopt resolutions certifying that a prior de facto

ratification has been affected by the Government of the United States, and direct

that appropriate actions be undertaken to restore to such Indians an equitable

measure of their reserved rights and ownership in lands, resources, and rights

of self-government. Additionally, the President and the Congress should direct

that reports be concluded upon the disposition of land rights and land title which

were lawfully vested or held, for people of Native Indian blood under the 1840

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico.

Timothy Patrick McCarthy and John McMillian, eds., Protest Nation: Words That Inspired a

Century of American Radicalism (New York: New Press, 2010), 187–188.

pr ACTICINg historical Thinking

Identify: Summarize the demands of the American Indian Movement.

Analyze: Why does the AIM ask for the “rights of self-government”? Does this

extend beyond the scope of restoration?

Evaluate: Compare the plight of Native Americans with that of other marginalized

groups (such as African Americans, women, and members of the working class)

during this period. Are all of these groups demanding something similar? Explain.

document 20.13 ronAlD reAgAn, Address to the First

conservative Political Action conference

1974

Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), a former actor and president of the Screen Actors Guild,

served as governor of California from 1967 to 1976. He called the National Guard to

occupy the town of Berkeley during student protests at the University of California there

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