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Río Grande and the Río Chama. Oñate chose
the site as the first capital of the new state,
renaming the pueblo San Juan de Los
Caballeros.
NEWS OF A FUGITIVE
That September a Mexican Indian named
Jusepe arrived at San Juan with information
that would determine Oñate’s later efforts.
Four years earlier, in 1594, a Spanish army
captain, Francisco Leyva de Bonilla, had
been ordered to chase a band of rebellious
Indians north across the frontier of Nueva
Vizcaya. Once across the border, Bonilla and
his party decided to explore New Mexico and
search for Quivira, the supposedly wealthy
kingdom that had eluded Coronado. Some of
Bonilla’s men protested that this would vio-
late the ban against unauthorized explo-
ration, a treasonous act punishable by death.
Bonilla and his supporters decided to ride
north anyway.
According to Jusepe (a servant of Bonilla’s
lieutenant, Antonio Gutiérrez de Humaña),
the renegade expedition covered much of the
same ground seen by Coronado. After a year
in pueblo country, they headed northeast,
crossing the Great Plains to reach Quivira. As
Coronado had discovered, the real Quivira
was a Wichita trading village by the Arkansas
River near the present-day town of Ford,(^134) B Discovery of the Americas, 1492–1800
Located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, this adobe building, constructed between 1610 and 1614, served as the
Spanish royal palace and the seat of government.(Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [HABS,
NM,25-SANFE,2-1])
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