Discovery of the Americas, 1492-1800

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Cárdenas, García López de 111,
111, 119
Caribbean xviii, 6, 40, 44,49, 175,

180. See also specific headings,
     e.g.:Cuba
     Carib Indians 6,6,28,48, 49, 179
     Carmel 128
     carriers 99
     Cartas las Relación 53
     cartographer 184g
     cartography 18, 23, 123
     cassava 179
     Castelnau, comte de 172
     Casteñeda, Pedro de xvi, 88,106,
     107,111, 177
     Castillo, Bernal Díaz del. SeeDíaz
     de Castillo, Bernal
     Castillo Maldonado, Alonso del
     85, 89
     Catalina 128
     Catholicism and Catholics xiv, 22,
     51, 152
     cattle 178
     Cavalier, Jean 140
     cavalry 101
     Cavelier, René-Robert. SeeLa
     Salle, sieur de
     Cedar City, Utah 155
     celestial navigation 18, 184 g
     censorship 23
     Central America xv, 10, 40,49, 51,
     64, 175. See also specific head-
     ings,e.g.:Mexico
     Cermeño, Sebastián Rodríguez
     122 m, 128
     Chacmool statue 51
     Chaco region 91
     Chamuscado, Francisco Sánchez
     132
     Charles III (king of Spain) 149, 151
     Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor
     and, as Charles I, king of Spain)
     53, 62, 63,64, 66, 90, 92, 93
     Charlotte Bay 48, 94
     Charruco Indians 85
     charts and chartmaking 12, 17,
     172, 173, 184g
     Chatham(ship) 164, 165
     chestnuts 95
     chewing gum 179
     Chichén Itzá 51, 51

Chickasaw Indians 101

chicle 179

Chile 68, 73 m,74, 75, 79, 90

Chima (tribal leader) 44

China 8, 9, 12, 29, 32, 37

Christianity. See alsoCatholicism

and Catholics

and Christopher Columbus 10

conversion to 10, 14

and Hernando de Soto 98

encomienda 34

and Muslims 14

and mythical utopia 22, 107

and Native Americans 10

Prester John 23

requerimiento 94

in Spain 14

spread of 14

chronometer (marine) 172

Chumash Indians 128

Cibao 29

Cíbola, Seven Cities of 76,93,

107,108–110, 177

cíbolo 184 g

Cicuyé, Pecos of 116

Ciguatan 62

Cihuatlan 62

cinnamon 170

cinnamon trees 45

Cipangu 29

circumference of the Earth 25

circumnavigate 184g

Ciucut 121

civilization 184g

civil war 10, 67, 68, 72

Clark, William 174

Clerke, Charles 161

coat of arms 63

“codices ” (Mayan) 51

coffee 178

Cofitachequi, Lady of 98, 99

Cofitachequi, land of 97–98

Colombia 174

Colón, Cristóbal 24. See also

Columbus, Christopher

colonization

by Vasco Núñez de Balboa

43–45

of Canary Islands 19, 22

by Christopher Columbus

30–33, 35

by Hernán Cortés 64

effects on language of 175

in 1800s 181m

encomienda 34

and gold 44

of Hispaniola 37

and horses 177

at La Navidad 7, 8, 30

of Monterey 154

by Portugal 19, 22, 181m

and Pueblo Rebellion 140,

141

revolt in Hispaniola 35

of San Francisco Bay area 154

Spanish xvi, 174

and Taino Indians 7, 8

Colorado 154–156

Colorado Plateau 110

Colorado River 147

Colombia 37, 65, 72

Columbian Exchange xiv

The Columbian Exchange(Alfred

W. Crosby) xiv

Columbia River 158, 174

Columbo, Cristoforo 24. See also

Columbus, Christopher

Columbus, Bartolomé 17, 33

Columbus, Christopher xiii–xvi,

180

Antilia 22

armor of 26

attack on 37

in Barcelona 3–5, 4

battles for privileges of 30

beliefs of 24, 25, 37–39

and biblical description of

seas 18, 19

Canary Islands 22

as cartographer 17

and Christianity 10

and colonization 30–33, 35

death of 38

early years of 24, 25

and Ferdinand and Isabella 1,

4, 4, 5,8, 14, 14,26, 33, 37

final voyage of 35, 37–38

first voyage of 27–29

and gold 4, 5, 10, 26, 28–29,

31, 37

hardships of 2, 3

Hispaniola 4, 32, 33, 33,35, 37

(^196) B Discovery of the Americas, 1492–1800
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