Bonaparte, Napoléon, 141, 190,
241, 319
Bonatti, Guido, 32
Bonfire of the Vanities, 281
TheBook of Hours(Fouquet), 130
The Book of the City of Ladies(de
Pisan), 98
Book of the Courtier(Castiglione),
67–68, 107
Books, banned.SeeIndex of For-
bidden Books
Borgia, Cesare, 23–24, 45–46, 47,
195, 241, 286
Borgia, Lucrezia, 23, 46–47, 286
Borgia family, 22–24, 45–47, 185
Bosch, Hieronymus, 47–48, 55, 227
Bosworth Field, Battle of, 48, 114,
308
Botticelli, Sandro, 14, 48–50, 128,
206
influences on, 203, 223, 227,
320
Bourbon dynasty, 50–51, 132–133,
155, 314
See alsoFrance; Spain
Bracciolini, Poggio, 11, 51–52, 77,
128, 160, 324
Brahe, Tycho, 33–34, 44, 52, 154,
179, 204, 276
Bramante, Donato, 52–54, 187,
215–216
influence of, 97, 270, 273, 317
patrons, 23, 177, 287
Brancacci chapel frescoes, 203
Brandt, Hennig, 22
Brenz, Johannes, 54
Brittany, 26–27, 75, 313
Bronzino, Agnolo, 54
Brotherhood of Our Lady, 47
Brotherhood of the Rosary, 86
Brueghel, Pieter (the Elder), 16,
47, 54–55, 227, 275
Brueghel family, 54–56
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 56–57, 127
architecture of, 16,27,28, 128,
159
influence of, 202, 203, 265
use of perspective, 15, 21, 247
Bruni, Leonardo, 31, 57
Bruno, Giordano, 58, 172, 226, 227
Bubonic plague.SeeBlack Death
Buccaneers.SeePiracy
Burgundy, 73–74, 133, 204, 205,
227, 313, 325
Buxtorf, Johannes, 172
Byrd, William, 58–59, 115
Byzantine Empire, 225, 240, 241,
276
overthrow, 78, 121, 210, 222,
233, 319
Byzantine style, 143, 146C
Caboto, Giovanni (John Cabot), 61,
118
Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 118, 200
Calculus, 204
Calixtus III (pope), 23, 45, 123
Callimachus, 61–62
Calvin, John, 62–63, 148, 180, 201,
240, 302, 332
Camoes, Luis Vaz de, 63–64
Campidoglio (Rome), 29
Campoldino, Battle of, 24–25
Cantiones Sacrae(Byrd), 59
Canzoniere(Petrarch), 249
Capetian dynasty, 50, 313
Caravaggio, Michelangelo da, 64–
65, 140, 223, 226, 274
Caravels, 117, 156, 261, 290
Cardano, Geronimo, 204
Carpaccio, Vittore, 65–66
Carracks, 290
Cartier, Jacques, 66–67, 119, 133,
134
Castagno, Andrea del, 67, 198
Castiglione, Baldassare, 67–68, 107
Castile, 35, 145, 222
Castracani, Castruccio, 190
Cathars, 165
Cathedral of San Martino (Lucca),
190
Catherine of Aragon, 45, 95, 157,
219, 308
Catherine of Siena, Saint, 68
Catholic League, 155, 209, 302
Catholicism, 13–14, 19, 68–70, 76,
78, 116, 271
doctrines, 63, 87–88, 207
English, 59, 113, 114
French, 50, 69, 132, 185, 267,
313
martyrs, 79, 219
See alsoEastern Orthodox
Church; Eastern Schism;
Great Schism; Reformation,
Catholic; Russian Orthodox
Church
Ceiling painting, 198–199
See alsoSistine Chapel
Cellini, Benvenuto, 70–71, 134, 285
Celtis, Conradus, 35
Cereta, Laura, 71
Cervantes, Miguel de, 71–73, 189
Cesi, Federico, 19
Chapel Royal, 58, 59
Charity, 85, 86, 192
Charles (count, Angouleme), 13,
201Charles I (king, England), 175, 216
Charles III (duke, Bourbon), 279
Charles III (king, Naples), 225
Charles IV (Holy Roman
Emperor), 44
Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor),
73–74, 124, 134, 168, 196
abdication, 153, 325
descendants, 201, 249
fight against Protestantism, 54,
102, 192, 219–220, 244, 245
invasion of Italy, 67, 157, 201,
279, 291
New Laws, 183–184
patronage of artists, 109, 305
realm, 35, 228
See alsoItalian Wars
Charles VII (king, France), 173–
174, 213
Charles VIII (king, France), 15,
74–75, 287
conquests, 23, 27, 123, 214
invasion of Italy, 131, 169, 176,
214, 225, 252, 281, 313
Charles IX (king, France), 313
Charles of Durazzo, 173
Chateau de Chambord, 132
Christ on the Mount of Olives
(Correggio), 89
Christianity, 12, 15, 49, 240
art, 223, 238
conversions to, 145, 222
humanism and, 116, 159, 160,
271–272
Neoplatonism and, 226–227
See alsoCatholicism; Protes-
tantism
Church architecture, 28
See also individual churches
Church of England, 104, 112, 113,
216, 219
establishment, 15, 45, 95, 114,
157–158, 272, 309
Cicero, 111, 112, 249, 280
Cities, 13, 28–29, 75–77
City-states, Italian, 168–169, 213,
313
Classes, social, 13, 75, 79–81
Classical period, 16, 206
architecture and art, 27–29, 41,
70, 175
literature, 11–12, 34, 77–78,
128, 169, 280, 288
See alsoGreece, ancient; My-
thology; Rome, ancient
Clement VI (pope), 173
Clement VII (pope), 78, 146, 153,
207, 208, 215
French alliance, 157, 279
Henry VIII and, 45, 157, 219Index