Queen, and relate to her those
things we thought absolutely
necessary, for the good of her,
and us, herallies on the other
side of the great water.... [A]s
a token of the sincerity of the
Six Nations, we do here, in
the name of all, present our
great Queen with the belts of
wampum.”
—four Indian ambassadors
addressing Queen Anne
during their 1710 trip to London1711September
The Tuscarora War breaks out.
The Tuscarora of present-day North Carolina at-
tack non-Indian settlements, killing as many as 200
whites. The Tuscarora are infuriated by the whites’
encroachment on their territory, as well as by the ar-
rogance and dishonesty of British traders and their
practice of selling Indian captives into slavery.
Carolina officials counter the attack by send-
ing troops to destroy the Tuscarora’s villages. The
troops are provided military assistance by England’s
Indian allies, including the Yamasee (see entries for
APRIL 15, 1715, and for 1717). (See also entry for
MARCH 1713.)
1712The Fox (Mesquaki) begin warring with
the French.
When the Fox (Mesquaki) Indians of what are now
western Wisconsin and Illinois begin demanding
tribute from foreigners in their lands, the French arm
the Ojibway, who are the allies of the French and the
traditional enemies of the Fox. The Fox respond by
raiding French and Ojibway (Anishinabe) settlements.
Their assaults create a problem for the French by ef-
fectively cutting off trade routes between New France
and Louisiana. Attacks and counterattacks will con-
tinue for more than two decades (see entry for 1730).1713MarchThe Tuscarora are defeated in the
Tuscarora War.
A brutal three-day attack on the Tuscarora fort of
Nooherooka near present-day Snow Hill, North Car-
olina, seals England’s victory in the Tuscarora War (see
entry for SEPTEMBER 1711). During the war, the Tus-
carora have suffered as many as 1,000 casualties, and
several hundred tribe members have been sold into
slavery by their enemies. The defeat is devastating to
the tribe, which is left with only a small reservation
in what is now North Carolina. Soon after the war,
the demoralized Tuscarora will begin moving north to
New York to find refuge with their Iroquois kin. (See
also entry for 1722.)July 13France cedes Hudson Bay to England in the
Treaty of Utrecht.
Queen Anne’s War (see entry for 1702) ends with the
signing of the Treaty of Utrecht. In the treaty, France
cedes to England its claims to what is now Nova Sco-
tia and the Hudson Bay region. Unwilling to trade
with the British, whose treatment of Indian traders is
far less generous than that of the French, the Micmac
and several other Indian groups in the region refuse to
recognize British rule.
While the land cession is a boon to the
English colonists, the long and exhausting war
impresses upon them their military weakness in
battle against the French and their many Indian
allies. Because both sides are hesitant to enter an-
other drawn-out conflict, the peace established