by statistics, a defect in the statistics...affects all inferences from them.
C Passage 2 refers to a season as very unhealthy as part of the reason that statistics couldn’t be
judged accurately. The reference to the character of seasons in the third paragraph of Passage 2
serves a similar purpose by listing reasons that statistical judgments are difficult to make in
general. When compared with the earlier reference to an unhealthy season, the character of
seasons refers most clearly to the health of the population during a certain period of time.
Eliminate (A) and (B), which do not match the prediction. Choice (D) is incorrect because the
predicted answer refers to the health of people, not their behavior; eliminate (D). Choice (C)
matches the prediction and is the correct answer.
B The phrase with the exception of the failure of the nurses taken from the pauper class very
briefly indicates that the pauper nurses included in the experiment made in Passage 2 were not
successful. The author of Passage 1 states that it is desirable, if possible, to employ [the
pauper nurses], and that the only way...[such] employment...could be [successful]...would be
under the constant supervision or trained nurses. The qualifying phrase, if possible, indicates
that the author of Passage 2 would prefer that the pauper nurses be involved in a new system but
is not certain this would be possible. Choice (A) is incorrect because the author of Passage 1
indicated prior observations, which were negative toward the pauper nurses. Choice (B) is
correct because it matches the prediction. Choice (C) is incorrect; while it could be true, it is
not directly supported by the information in Passage 1. Choice (D) is incorrect because it is not
supported by Passage 1 and relies on the unrelated surrounding information in Passage 2.
A Passage 1 describes an overall problem, and Passage 2 describes a specific attempt to solve
the problem. Choice (A) is correct because it matches the prediction. Choice (B) is incorrect
because it does not match the prediction, and (C) is wrong because futility is too extreme.
Choice (D) can be eliminated because resolves is extreme as well.