Chapter Review 527Key Terms
pragmatism A philosophical system, chiefly associ-
ated with William James, that deemphasized
abstraction and assessed ideas and cultural practices
based on their practical effects; it helped inspire
political and social reform during the late nine-
teenth century, 524Review Questions
1.The introductory essay argues that football was
embraced by colleges and universities in the late
nineteenth century because it reflected hard-
nosed Darwinian concepts. What other aspects
of late nineteenth-century intellectual and cul-
tural life were influenced by Darwinism? What
intellectual trends and movements rejected
social Darwinism?
2.What institutional developments transformed
higher education during the last third of the nine-
teenth century?
3.How was popular culture at odds with intellectual
trends in literature and the arts?
4.How did pragmatism—the belief that ideas must
be judged by their consequences—challenge ear-
lier outlooks on philosophy and morality?Read and Review
Chapter 19The Morrill Act, p. 514Herbert Spencer,Social
Darwinism,p. 515Mark Twain, Incident in the
Philippines (1924),p. 518Mark Twain,To the Person
Sitting in Darkness (1901), p. 518Mark Twain, fromThe
Gilded Age, p. 520ReadtheDocumentReadtheDocumentReadtheDocumentReadtheDocumentReadtheDocumentStudyandReviewResearch and Explore
College Football (1903), p. 514Frederick Jackson Turner,The
Significance of the Frontier in American History
(1893),p. 518ReadtheDocumentWatchtheVideoReinforce what you learned in this chapter by studying the many documents,
images, maps, review tools, and videos available at http://www.myhistorylab.com.Hear the audio file for Chapter 19 at
http://www.myhistorylab.com.
HeartheAudio
Connections