I20 Index
Husbands
in 1920s, 641
during Great Depression, 680
in late-nineteenth century, 487
in mid-nineteenth century,
270–271, 273f
Hussein, Saddam
execution of, 865f
Iraq War and, 859–860
Persian Gulf War and, 815–817
Hutcheson, Francis, 88
Hutchinson, Anne, 38–39
Hutchinson, Thomas, 102, 102f, 106
Hutchinson, William, 39
Hydrogen bomb, 744–745, 754f, 767
IBM, 808–809
ICC.SeeInterstate Commerce
Commission (ICC)
Iceland, 707
Ice-T, 838
Ickes, Harold, 697, 701
Idaho, 445
As I Lay Dying(Faulkner), 692
Illegal downloads, 142–143
Illegal immigrants
amnesty for, 823
in California, 823
debate over, 296
immigration reform and, 874
opposition to, 823, 826
Illinois Central Railroad, 338, 340,
447–448
Illiteracy, 419f
I Love Lucy(TV series), 826
Immigrants
Asian, 823
assimilation by, 494
Chinese, 436
cities and, 495–497, 540
culture retained by, 496–497
European, 331–332
fear of, and red scare, 635
German, 65, 493
illegal.SeeIllegal immigrants
industrialization and, 458
Irish, 492m
Japanese, 578, 603, 672
Jewish, 640
in Middle colonies, 73
nativism and, 493, 495
recruitment of, 493
Scots-Irish, 65, 73
spread of, 496m
in West, 436
Immigration
in 19th century, 229–230
in early 20th century, 640
Know-Nothing party and,
353, 355
in late-nineteenth century,
491–493, 492f
in mid-nineteenth century,
331–332
National Origins Act and, 640, 672
new, 493, 822–823, 826
“push” and “pull” factors for, 230
quota system for, 640, 672, 823
reasons for, 491–492
Immigration Act (1965), 776, 823
Immigration reform, 874, 875f
Immigration Restriction League, 495
Impeachment
of Andrew Johnson, 411
of Clinton, 852–853
of Nixon, 790–791, 792
Imperialism
See alsoExpansionism, U.S.
ecological, 25, 27
European, 587
opposition to, 595–596
origins of policy of, 586–588
in Pacific, 588–589
U.S., 606–607
Implied powers, 156–157
Imports, 587
of British goods, 144
food, 676
Impressment, 187–188
Incandescent lamp, 464–465, 500
Incas, 22
Income Tax Act, 807
Income taxes, 717
Indentured servants, 58, 60
Independence, evolution of doctrine
of, 208–209
Independent Treasury Act
(1840), 263
India, 93
Indian Americans
Archaic, 4, 15–16
casino gambling and, 434–435
during Civil War, 379
colonists and, 32–34, 36, 43–45,
48–49
Columbus’ discovery of, 21
concentration policy and, 437
conflicts between settlers and,
157–158
conquistadores and, 22
conversion of, to Christianity,
44, 55
corn-cultivating, 8–10
destruction of tribal life of,
440–443
disease and, 25, 26, 36, 56economic weakening of, 451m
farming by, 8–10
forced migration of, 255–256, 258
on frontier, 300, 302
ghost dance and, 442–443
Great Plains, 5
intermarriage between colonists
and, 54
kidnappings by, 91
liberation movement of, 196–197
major cultures, AD 1–1500, 9m
missionaries and, 23, 46–47, 54, 56
Mississippian, 10–12
New Deal and, 701–702
Paleolithic, 4, 6–7
population growth among, 9–10
population losses in, 25, 27
in poverty, 434–435
progressives and, 578
relations between colonists and,
97, 100
sachem, 40f
sachems, 45
shamans, 24
as slaves, 55
society of, 44–45, 54–56
trade with, 41, 42, 48–49
treaties with, 44, 162, 437
U.S. policy toward, 437–443
warfare among, 45, 48
in War of 1812, 199–200,
204, 205
wars between colonists and,
39–40, 42, 90
wars with, late 19th-century,
437–440
during World War II, 719
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act,
434, 442f
Indian land
loss of, 439m, 443m
for sale, 442f
taxation of, 442
Indian removal, 255–256, 256m,
261, 262f, 265
Indian Removal Act (1830), 256m
Indian Removal Bill, 442f
Indian Reorganization Act,
442 f, 702
Indian reservations, 434–435, 438
Indian Territory
gold in, 440
Plains Indians and, 436
white settlers in, 162–163
Indigo, 62–63
Individualism, on frontier, 446
Indochina, 751
Indulgences, 30, 35