Notes
1 Frederick of Hamburg’s Agreement with Colonists from Holland, in Reading the Middle Ages: Sources
from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, ed. Barbara H. Rosenwein, 2nd ed. (Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 2014), p. 254. Return to text.
2 Chronicle of Saint Bertin, quoted in Histoire de la France urbaine, vol. 2: La ville médiévale (Paris:
Éditions du Seuil, 1980), p. 71, here translated from the French by the volume editor. Return to text.
3 Henry I, Privileges for the Citizens of London, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 257. Return to text.
4 Cluny’s Foundation Charter, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 177. Return to text.
5 Pope Gregory VII, Admonition to Henry, in Power and the Holy in the Age of the Investiture Conflict: A
Brief History with Documents, ed. and trans. Maureen C. Miller (Boston: Bedford, 2005), p. 85. Return
to text.
6 Roman Lenten Synod, in The Correspondence of Pope Gregory VII: Selected Letters from the Registrum,
ed. and trans. Ephraim Emerton (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969), p. 91. Return to text.
7 Rabbi Eliezer b. Nathan, O God, Insolent Men, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 268. Return to text.
8 Ibn al-Athir, The First Crusade, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 277. Return to text.
9 Domesday Book, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 287. Return to text.
10 Abelard, Glosses on Porphyry, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 289. Return to text.
11 Constantine the African’s translation of Johannitius’s Isagoge, in Reading the Middle Ages, p.
- Return to text.
12 Saint Bernard, Apologia, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 300. Return to text.
13 Bernard of Clairvaux, On the Song of Songs, vol. 1, trans. Kilian Walsh, Cistercian Fathers Series 4
(Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1977), p. 58. Return to text.
14 Speculum Virginum, trans. Barbara Newman, in Listen, Daughter: The Speculum Virginum and the
Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages, ed. Constant J. Mews (New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2001), p. 270. Return to text.