Notes
1 Decrees of the [Hanseatic] League, in Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the
Islamic World, ed. Barbara H. Rosenwein, 2nd ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014), p.
- Return to text.
2 The Ghibelline Annals of Piacenza, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 398. Return to text.
3 Quoted in Riccardo Rao, Signori di popolo. Signoria cittadina e società comunale nell’Italia nord-
occidentale, 1275–1350 (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 2011), p. 42. Return to text.
4 Statute of the Jewry, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 414. Return to text.
5 Sarum manual, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 413. Return to text.
6 Jacques Fournier, Episcopal Register, in Reading the Middle Ages, pp. 405–6. Return to text.
7 Summons of Representatives of Shires and Towns to Parliament, in Reading the Middle Ages, p.
- Return to text.
8 Despite the similarity between the terms Parlement and Parliament, both deriving from French parler, “to
talk,” the two institutions were different. The former was the central French court of law, the latter the
English representative institution. It is true that the English Parliament did hear legal cases, but it also
discussed foreign affairs, published royal statutes, and (above all) granted taxes to the king. Return to
text.
9 Béla IV, Letter to Pope Innocent IV, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 382. Return to text.
10 The Short Life of St Petka (Paraskeve) of Tarnov, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 396. Return to text.
11 The Henryków Book, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 385. Return to text.
12 Boniface VIII, Clericis laicos, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 424. Return to text.
13 Boniface VIII, Unam sanctam, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 426. Return to text.
14 Dante, Inferno, Canto V (Paolo and Francesca), in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 434. Return to text.
15 The Montpellier Codex, part IV: Text and Translations, trans. Susan Stakel and Joel C. Relihan, in Recent
Researches in the Music of the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance 8 (Middleton, WI: A-R Editions,
1985), p. 81. Return to text.
16 Athanasius I, Letter, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 401. Return to text.