A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

Michael VII (1071–1078)

Nicephorus III (1078–1081)

COMNENIAN DYNASTY (1081–1185)

Alexius I (1081–1118)

John II (1118–1143)

Manuel I (1143–1180)

Alexius II (1180–1183)

Andronicus I (1183–1185)

Isaac II (1185–1195)

Alexius III (1195–1203)

Isaac II (again) and Alexius IV (1203–1204)

Alexius V (1204)

Theodore I (1205–1221)

John III (1221–1254)

Theodore II (1254–1258)

John IV (1259–1261)

PALAIOLOGAN DYNASTY (1259–1453)

Michael VIII (1259–1282)

Andronicus II (1282–1328)

Michael IX (1294/5–1320)

Andronicus III (1328–1341)

John V (1341–1391)

John VI (1347–1354)

Andronicus IV (1376–1379)

John VII (1390)

Manuel II (1391–1425)

John VIII (1425–1448)

Constantine XI (1449–1453)

POPES AND ANTIPOPES TO 1500* (ANTIPOPES IN ITALICS)

Peter (?–c.64)

Linus (c.67–76/79)

Anacletus (76–88 or 79–91)