Crete, 119 , 201
Crucifixion, 234 , 307
definition of, 331
Crusade/Crusades
Albigensian (1209–1229), 234 , 251
First (1096–1099), 170 –73
Fourth (1202–1204), 200 –1, 234 , 236
Northern, 234 –36, 245
Peasants’ (or People’s), 170 –71
Second (1147–1149), 173 , 192 , 198 , 235
Third (1189–1192), 205
Crusader States, 171 –73, 175 , 198 , 231 , 235 , 242 –43
Ctesiphon, 41 , 53
culture. See architecture; art; education; literature; music
curia (papal), 166 , 170
curiales (town councilors), 25 –26, 44
customs
monastic, 186
regional, 99 , 205 , 207 , 297
social, 22 , 286
Cyprus, 119 , 205
Cyril. See Constantine/Cyril
Dalasseni family, 120
Dalmatia, 5
Damascus, 41 , 53 , 56 , 87 , 93 , 158 , 173 , 198
Great Mosque Mosaic (706), 56 –57, 57
Damianites, 231
Dandolo, Enrico, doge (Venice) (r.1192–1205), 247
Dante. See Alighieri, Dante
Danube River, 1 , 4 , 8 , 23 , 41 , 115 , 130 , 212 , 287
Dasse, Johann, 317
Decretum (1008/1012) (Burchard), 144. See also canon law/canons
Decretum (c.1140) (Gratian), 169 –70. See also canon law/canons
Denmark, 127 , 135 , 139 , 231
Deor, 72
Dermot MacMurrough, Irish king (d.1171), 236