Cheeringwildlyasthegame
ended,thecrowdwouldnotleave
thestadium.
EveryonetakingtheTOEFLnext
monthmustpreregister.
Studentstakingcalculusmust
buya graphingcalculator.
Theteammembers,lookinghappy
aftertheirvictory,werecheeredby
thefans.
Everyonewhowilltakethe
TOEFLnextmonthmust
preregister.
Thecrowd,whichwascheering
wildlyasthegameended,
wouldnotleavethestadium.
Studentswhoaretakingcalculus
mustbuya graphingcalculator.
Theteammembers,wholooked
happyaftertheirvictory,were
cheeredbythefans.
Manystudentswhostudyatthis Manystudentsstudyingatthis
universityarefromforeigncountries. universityarefromforeigncountries.
Future
- Thenumberofstudentswhoarestudyingroboticsisgrowing.
mechanicalengineering.
- Robots,whichdonotneedtoeat,sleep,ortakebreaks,canworknonstop.
a.
b.
b.
Chapter 15 IParticipialPhrases 253
- Soon,robotsthatworkinassemblyplantswillbeabletofollowvoice
commands. - Robots,whichhavetheabilitytowithstandextremetemperaturesand
radiationlevels,canperformjobsthataretoodangerousforhumans.
a.
Past
continuous
Present
continuous
Simplepast
Simple
present
A. Rewriteeachsentence,reducingtheadjectiveclausetoa participialphrase.
Rewritesentences4 and5 eachintwoways:oncewiththeparticipialphrase
beforeandoncewithit afterthenounit modifies.Addcommastosentences
withnomestrictivephrases.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyouasanexample.
- Roboticsisa complexfieldthatcombineselectronics,computerscience,
andmechanicalengineering.
Roboticsisacomplexfieldcombiningelectronics.computerscience.and
Ageneralform-ingparticiplemaycomefrompresent,past,orfuturetenseverbs.
-ingParticipial
Phrases
~
iPR7f€Tl€E-r --
General
Form-iug
Participial
Phrases