Writing Academic English 4th Edition

34 Part 1 IWritingaParagraph

"Logica.lOrder Inadditionto usingtransition signalsandrepeatingkeynounsandpronouns,a

fourthway toachievecoherenceistoarrangeyoursentencesinsomekindoflogi-

calorder.

Yourchoiceofonekindoflogicalorderoveranotherwill,ofcourse,dependon

yourtopicandyourpurpose.Youmayevencombinetwoormoredifferentlogical

ordersinthesameparagraph.Theimportantpointtorememberistoarrangeyour

ideasinsomekindoforderthatis logicaltoa readeraccustomedtotheEnglishway

ofwriting.

SomecommonkindsoflogicalorderinEnglisharechronologicalorder,logical

divisionofideas,andcomparison/contrast.

• Chronologicalorderis orderbytime-asequenceofeventsorstepsin
  a process.Themodelparagraphonhowtogrowanavocadotree(page33)
  usestimeordertoorganizethesteps.


• Inlogicaldivisionofideas,a topicisdividedintoparts,andeachpartis
  discussedseparately.Themodelparagraphaboutgoldonpage3 uses
  logicaldivision.First,it discussesgold'sbeauty,andseconditsutility.


• Inacomparison/contrastparagraph,thesimilaritiesand/ordifferences
  betweentwoormoreitemsarediscussed.Theparagraphaboutsynonymson
  page5 comparesandcontrastswordmeanings.

RRA.CT1CE---- 10

Recognizing

Kindsof"Logical

Order

Readthefollowingparagraphsanddecidewhichkindoflogicalorderisusedin

each:comparison/contrast,chronologicalorder,orlogicaldivisionofideas.Beable

todiscussthereasonsforyourchoice.Circlealltransitionsignals.

Paragraph 1

Theprocessofmachinetranslationoflanguagesis complex.Totranslate

a documentfromEnglishintoJapanese,forexample,thecomputerfirstanalyzes

anEnglishsentence,determiningitsgrammaticalstructureandidentifyingthe

subject,verb,objects,andmodifiers.Next,thewordsaretranslatedbyan

English-Japanesedictionary.Afterthat,anotherpartofthecomputerprogram

analyzestheresultingawkwardjumble'ofwordsandmeaningsandproduces

anintelligiblesentencebasedontherulesofJapanesesyntax^2 andthe

machine'sunderstandingofwhattheoriginalEnglishsentencemeant.Finally,

a humanbilingualeditorpolishesthecomputer-producedtranslation.

Kindoflogicalorder: _

Ijumble:confusedmixture

2syntax:sentencestructure,grammar