Dance Anatomy & Kinesiology
The Upper Extremity 463
Study Questions and Applications
- Locate the following bones and bony landmarks on a skeleton and then on your own body:
(a) Scapula and sternoclavicular joint; (b) spine, acromion process, supraspinous fossa, infra-
spinous fossa, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity of the scapula; (c) clavicle and acromio-
clavicular joint; (d) lesser tubercle, greater tubercle, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle,
trochlea, and capitulum of the humerus; (e) ulna and olecranon process of ulna; (f) radius
and head of radius; (g) metacarpals; (h) phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal).
- Draw the following muscles on a skeletal chart and use an arrow to indicate the line of pull
of each muscle. Then, next to each muscle, list its actions: (a) Pectoralis major, (b) latissimus
dorsi, (c) teres major, (d) supraspinatus, (e) trapezius, (f) rhomboids, (g) serratus anterior,
(h) biceps brachii, (i) brachialis, (j) triceps brachii.
- Locate the following muscles on your partner or your own body, perform or have your partner
perform actions that these muscles produce, and palpate their contraction during these move-
ments: (a) Pectoralis major, (b) deltoid, (c) latissimus dorsi, (d) biceps brachii, (e) triceps
brachii.
- Observe a partner and note his or her carrying angle. How would this angle change when
performing a concentration curl (table 7.10L, p. 441)?
- Working with a partner, demonstrate the fundamental movements of the scapula, and observe
and describe how these scapular motions are linked with the following movements at the
shoulder joint: (a) Shoulder flexion, (b) shoulder abduction, (c) shoulder horizontal adduc-
tion, (d) shoulder external rotation.
- Analyze the following movements, accounting for the joint movement, muscle group, and
muscles used on the up-phase and down-phase at the scapula, glenohumeral joint, and elbow
joint. Be sure to consider the effect of gravity: (a) Pull-up, (b) push-up, (c) pulling a dancer
toward you, (d) bringing arms sideways from low fifth to second position.
- Diagram the SIT force couple and describe its function and relationship to the impingement
syndrome. Describe two strengthening exercises that could be performed to promote use of
this force couple.
- Demonstrate an exercise for strengthening the following muscles: (a) Pectoralis major, (b) middle
deltoid, (c) latissimus dorsi, (d) biceps brachii, (e) triceps brachii.
- Describe how one could attempt to correct a dancer who has rolled shoulders and holds his
or her arms too far forward when in second position, including (a) strength exercises, (b) flex-
ibility exercise(s), and (c) technique cues.
- A dancer excessively elevates the scapulae when bringing the arms sideways from low to high
fifth position. What corrections could be given in terms of (a) strengthening exercises and
(b) technique cues?
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