Analysis of Human Movement 489Research-Supported Movement Analysis
Whether one is performing an anatomical move-
ment analysis or an analysis that integrates more
mechanical principles, reading related research will
allow the analyst to develop a much more in-depth
and accurate model of what is normal or desired for
a particular movement, as well as an appreciation of
the magnitude and type of variability seen between
individuals. This will allow the observer to better
focus on critical criteria and have a clearer idea of
how performance can be improved. For example,
extensive research on walking gait has revealed
factors that are particularly key to allow walking to
proceed with a limited displacement of the center
of mass of the body, such that movement economy is
fostered, while still serving the primary goal of effec-
tively moving the body through space (determinants
of gait). In keeping with these determinants of gait,
very specific magnitudes and timings of joint motions
such as ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, pelvic rota-
tion, and trunk rotation have been discerned that
are valuable for gait modification in rehabilitation
settings, as well as for the design of lower extremity
prosthetics.
Similarly, extensive research has been done on
running. Factors that contribute to optimal perfor-
mance, running economy, and injury risk with run-
ners ranging from endurance runners to sprinters
have been rigorously investigated. A simple analysis
of running that integrates selected research findings
follows. This was selected because of the common
use of running, albeit often shaped by choreographic
criteria, in dance.
Unfortunately, scientific investigation of dance-
specific vocabulary is much more limited. The leap
was selected as a sample dance movement for analysis
because there have been some scientific investiga-
tions of this movement and because much of the
research on jumps from other arenas is relevant for
developing a better understanding of optimal perfor-
mance and injury risk. In keeping with the focus of
this text, this analysis will emphasize an anatomical
basis but bring in selected particularly key mechani-
cal principles and data.FIGURE 8.11 Use of EMG, body markers, and 3-D cinematography to investigate the plié.