Dance Anatomy & Kinesiology

530 Index

quadriceps femoris (continued)
strengthening exercises 213t, 274
stretching 281, 282t, 285 f
tendon 176f

R
radial deviation 425–426
radiocarpal joint 425, 425f
radioulnar joint 12t, 415, 422f
radioulnar joint muscles 423–424
radius 9
ramus of ischium 158f, 159
rearfoot 299f, 300
recoverable deformation 36
rectus abdominis 60f, 82, 90t, 92 f, 468f
rectus femoris 244, 251f, 468f
actions and attachments 166, 174
active insufficiency 59f
attachment to bone 176f
line of pull and action 176f
red blood cells
manufacture in bone marrow 4
reference axes 19
relevé
and lever system 45
“lift from under pelvis” 352
role of gastrocnemius 264
strengthening exercise using disk 351t
use of stirrup muscles 338
reposition of thumb 426
resistance 45
retinaculum 14, 15f
retrocalcaneal bursa 15f
rhomboids 61f, 383, 469f
posterior view 394f
rib leading 96
ribs 9, 77–78
right lateral flexion 23t, 26
muscles involved 110–111
right rotation 23t, 26
roll-down 183f, 195f
role of hip 194
rond de jambe 169
rotary motion 44
rotation
during abdominal exercises 124
and anatomical planes 22
of cervical spine 76f
external 23t, 25
internal 23t, 26
of knee 254, 264
of lumbar spine 76f
of pelvis 178
during pirouette 56
as a result of force 44
of shoulder 399–400
of spine 23t, 76 f, 79, 80f, 112, 141–142,
143 t
rotator cuff 385–386, 456–457
rotatores 88–89, 93f, 132
running 9, 490–492

S
sacrococcygeal curvature 81
sacroiliac joints 79, 158f, 160–161
and fatigue posture 100
inflammation and dysfunction 234–235
sacrum 72, 73f, 158f, 161
tilt in normal stance 95
saddle joints 15, 16–17t
biaxial classification 28
sagittal plane 18

joint movements in 24f

movement about mediolateral axis 20f

movements in 27

and turnout 20

sarcolemma 36

sarcomere 37, 38, 51, 52

sarcoplasm 37

sartorius 60f, 251f, 468f

actions and attachments 166, 174

attachment to bone 176f

fiber arrangement 40

line of pull and action 176f

scaption 378

scapulae 9, 377f

alignment 396–397

bony landmarks 374–375

depression 376–377

depression and excessive elevation 471f

elevation 376–377

elevation with overhead arm move-

ments 409–410

“hold shoulder blades down” 408

movements 376–378

movements and humerus movements

399 t

muscles acting on 384t

muscles and movements 404t

neutral position during dance 410–411

rotation 384f

stabilization 400

strengthening of muscles 446–447

synergy during shoulder abduction

402 f

winged 396–397, 398f

scapulohumeral rhythm 397–399

scapulothoracic joint 376

Scheuermann’s disease 99, 154

sciatica 151

sciatic notch 158f

scoliosis 81, 104–106

“S” curve 104

secondary curvature of spine 81

secondary mover(s) 54

secondary ossification site 5

secondary planes 19

second-class lever 45

semimembranosus 61f, 251f, 469f

actions and attachments 168, 174, 177f

semispinalis muscles 87–88, 91t, 93 f

semitendinosus 61f, 251f, 469f

actions and attachments 168, 174, 177f

series elastic components 36

serratus anterior 60f, 383, 468f

sesamoid bones 3f, 4

of foot 299f, 300, 308

inflammation 369–370

Sharpey’s fibers 5

shear force

and abdominal muscles’ protection of

spine 107

during hyperextension of spine 119

and lumbar hyperlordosis 95

shin splints 5, 364–365

short bones 3, 5

shoulder

alignment 395–397

alignment problems 476t

excessive elevation in dance 409–410

glenohumeral joint 378–380

glenoid labrum 14f

line of pull of muscles 44f

mechanics 397–401

normal range of motion 448t

“pull shoulders back” 397

rotation and abduction 399–400

rotation vs. circumduction 25f

scapulohumeral rhythm 397–399

shoulder blades. See scapulae

shoulder complex muscles 380

actions of pectoralis major 45

anterior view 393f

attachments and actions 391–392

coracobrachialis 389

deltoid 388–389

infraspinatus 386

latissimus dorsi 390

levator scapulae 382

line of pull 393f, 394f

movements 404t

pectoralis major 387–388

pectoralis minor 384–385

posterior view 394f

during push-up 403

push-up test 445

rhomboids 383

rotator cuff 385–386

scapular muscles 381

serratus anterior 383

SIT force couple 400–401

subscapularis 386

supraspinatus 385

synergies 401

teres major 390

teres minor 386

trapezius 381–382

shoulder flexibility

extensors and flexors 448

horizontal adductors/abductors 452

screening test 451

stretches 448–451

shoulder girdle 9

bones and joints 377f

bony landmarks 374–375

joint structure 375–378

movements 375–378

shoulder injuries

acromioclavicular sprain 453

adhesive capsulitis 458

bursitis 457–458

dislocation 453–454

frozen shoulder 458

impingement syndromes 379, 455–456

prevention 452

rehabilitation 452–453

rotator cuff tear 456–457

shoulder movements

abduction 405–406

adduction 406

extension 405

external rotation 407

flexion 402–403

horizontal abduction 407–408

horizontal adduction 407–408

internal rotation 407

muscle actions 404t

shoulder strengthening

abductors 445

adductors 446

exercises 434–440

extensors 445

external rotators 446

flexors 444–445

improving rolled shoulders 396f

internal rotators 446