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FIGURE 3.11 Movements of the vertebral column. (A) Flexion-extension, (B) right lateral flexion-left lateral flexion, (C)
right rotation-left rotation.FIGURE 3.10 Composite of segmental movements in different regions of the vertebral column.
Adapted, by permission, from A.A. White and M.M. Panjabi, 1978, “The basic kinematics of the lumbar spine,” Spine 3: 12-20.