Italy and, 699
Josquin and, 550 , 755
Lasso and, 721 , 722
Lutheran church music and, 755 , 756 , 769
madrigalism vs., 724 , 725 , 727 , 733 , 735
metrical psalms contrasted with, 599
motet and, 607 , 641
Palestrina and, 630 , 632 –33, 652 , 655 , 663 , 667 , 713
Reformation hostility to, 754
as stile antico, 831
as utopian, 629
Willaert and, 601 –11
written historical record of, 617
ars poetica, 290
ars subtilior, 338 –48, 341
centers of, 342 –46
English composers and, 409 , 410 , 424
notational signs and, 338 , 339 –42, 345 , 355 –56
Art de Dictier et de Fere Chançons (Deschamps), 337
Art et instruction de bien dancer, L’ (Michel de Toulouze), 621
art history, 382 –83, 382 , 429 , 585 , 641 , 653
Baroque and, 797
mannerism and, 733
Arthurian legend, 119
artisan class, 368
See also guilds
Artis canendi (Heyden), 550
artistic creation,
alternative views of, 66
anachronism and, 143 –44
Ars Nova and, 267 –70, 337
ars perfecta and, 585 –628, 629 –30
artificial conceptual subdivisions and, 380 –85
avant-garde and, 326 –27
commodification of, 542 , 549
consciousness of style in, 267 , 270
convention and, 359 , 363 –64
difficult vs. accessible works and, 115 –16, 120 , 226 , 228 , 326 –27, 459 –60