antecedents of, 349
as ballata influence, 364 , 366 , 368
bergerette and, 526
birdsong, 349 , 711
laude and, 134
Machaut and, 292 –97, 298 , 299 –301, 349 , 366
rustic parodies, 349 –50
virga (rod shape), 214 –17
Virgil, 356 , 383
virginal (English harpsichord), 671
pentagonal, 46
Virgin Mary,
Anglican Mariolatry rejection and, 672
Annunciation carol and, 420
antiphon motet and, 270 –73
conductus to, 403 , 406
cult of, 94 , 109
devotional songs to, 98 , 99 , 128 , 140 , 270 –73, 275 –76, 333 , 532 –33
“Ex Semine” clausala to, 196 , 209 –11, 210 , 211
feasts of, 12 , 191 –92, 291 , 565 , 566
Florence cathedral dedication to, 282 , 285 Gloria tropes and, 55
Machaut Mass Ordinary to, 307 , 316
Magnificat and, 11
Notre Dame Cathedral dedication to, 169
numerical symbol of, 285
offices to, 48
Stabat mater dolorosa sequence and, 134
stock votive epithets for, 520
votive Masses to, 307 , 314 , 316 , 317 –26, 595
votive motets to, 501 –26, 532 , 565 –72
virtuosity,
audience effects of, 616 –67
compositional, 330 , 339 , 342 , 349
Counter Reformation music and, 785 , 786
improvisational, 536 –41
motet composition and, 233 –36
sestina and, 352