Index
in front of, before 前头/前頭 qiántou (前面
qiánmiàn, 前边/前邊 qiánbiān) 47.1
in other words 总而言之/總而言之 zǒng ér yán
zhī 25.11.6, 再说/再說 zài shuō 40.5
incapability
in resultative and directional structures 18.6,
19.5, 32.2, 32.4
in refusals 62.3
inclusion 57.2.3
indicating understanding or lack of understanding
25.4, 62.3
innate ability 12.2.1, 52.1.2
inquiring about cause or reason 28.6, 44.4
instructions (see sequence and directions)
intensifiers 10.3, 11.2, 12.6.3
and comparison structures 33.3.4.2
expressing relative degree 33.7
interjections 56.1
internet 6.10, 26.3
interrupting a speaker 25.9
into 进/進 jìn 14.2.4, 48.8
intransitive verbs Glossary of Grammatical
Terms
invitations: declining 62.3; spoken, written 62
jiǎjiè 假借 ‘false borrowings of characters’ 3.3.5
jìn 进/進 ‘into’ 14.2.4, 48.8
jiù shì 就是 uniqueness 15.2.4, qualifying a
statement 41.3, even if 45.2
jiù 就
in conditional structures 44.1
indicating ‘as soon as’ 42.3.3
indicating uniqueness 15.2.4
in sequence structures 42.2.2.1
with 怎么/怎麼 zěnme to tell someone to do
as they please 54.2.4
jiào 叫
greeting and addressing others 22.5, 24.1.3
and passive structure 14.2.7, 21.4
reporting commands 51.1.3
reporting permission 51.2.2
jiǎo 角 ‘dimes’ 8.5
jǐ 几/幾 ‘how many’ 8.5, 28.6, 30.7.2, 39.4.1
jǐdiǎn zhōng 几点钟/幾點鐘 28.6, 46.4.1, 49.1.6
jìn 近 ‘near’ 47.4, 47.5
kěshì 可是 ‘but’ 41.1, 41.3
kěyǐ 可以 ‘can’ 12.3, 12.6.4, 51.2, 52.2.2
kinship terms 22.2, 22.4.2, 24.3.1
knowledge
with the modal verb 会/會 huì 12.2.1
zhīdao 知道 ‘know,’ 认识/認識 rènshi ‘know,
recognize’ 54.1
kǒngpà 恐怕 ‘afraid that’ 62.3
kuài 块/塊 ‘dollar’ 8.5
last (week/month/year) 上 shàng 49.2
learned ability 12.2.1, 52.1.1
le 了
change of state and new situations 11.3, 37.1,
38
completion 17.1, 18, 32.1.3
double 了 le 34.7, 37.2, 38.1.3
sentence final 10.10, 33.6, 34.7, 38.1, 38.1.3,
38.1.5
sequence 17.1.2, 42.2
verb suffix 11.3, 17.1, 32.1.3, 32.3, 38.1.3
left side 左边/左邊 zuǒbiān (左面 zuǒmiàn)
47.1
legal use of 应/應 yīng ‘shall’ 50.1.2
less than
less than an amount 6.5
less than in comparisons 10.7, 33.4
with 才 cái 15.2.6
letters
addressing 22.7
greetings and goodbyes in 24.3
lí 离/離 expressing distance: ‘separated from’
47.4
lián 连/連 ‘even’ 57.2.3
lǐbài 礼拜/禮拜 ‘week’ 49.2.3, ‘this week’ 34.1,
‘every week’ 35.1, ‘next week’ 36.1
lìngwài 另外 ‘in addition’ 40.11
lǐtou 里头/裏頭 (里面/裏面 lǐmiàn, 里边/裏邊
lǐbiān) ‘in’ 47.1
liú miànzi 留面子 ‘face-saving strategies’ 62.2.3
loan words 2.5
location as description 47.3
location
asking about the location of an object 47.1.3.2
describing the location of an object 43.1.3.2
expressing location with 这儿/這兒 zhèr ‘here’
and 那儿/那兒 nàr ‘there’ 7.3
indicating that an object exists or does not exist
at a location 11.6, 11.7, 47.2
phrase order in the location phrase (spatial
orientation) 47.1.2.1
position of location phrase in the sentence 4.4,
4.6
using location as a description 47.3
words that indicate location and compass
direction 47.1.1
zài 在
as a preposition ‘at, in, on’ 14.2.1
as a verb 11.7
lucky and unlucky numbers 6.7ma 吗/嗎 yes–no questions 28.1.1
made of (用) NP 做的 (yòng) NP zuò de 30.5
manner adverbial (manner complement) 31.1,
31.2