NOTE: 幸福 xìngfú is used in a sublime sense, denoting a profound and almost perfect happiness. So it
has a much more limited use than its English equivalents happy or fortunate. The usual Chinese word
for happy, as in “I’m happy to hear the news,” is 高兴 gāoxìng, e.g. ■ 听到这个消息，我很 高兴。Tīngdào zhège
xiāoxi, wǒ hěn gāoxìng. I’m happy to hear the news.xìnghǎo 幸好 ADV fortunately, luckily
xìngkuī 幸亏 ADV fortunately, luckily
xìngyùn 幸运 N good fortune, good luck
xìng 姓 N family name ■ 中国人最常用的三个姓 是李、王、张。Zhōngguórén zuì chángyòng de sān
ge xìng shì Lǐ, Wáng, Zhāng. The three most common family names of the Chinese are Li, Wang
and Zhang. 贵姓 guìxìng your family name (polite usage, normally in a question) ■ “您贵姓？” “我
姓王.” “Nín guìxìng?” “Wǒ xìng Wáng.” “What’s your family name?” “Wang.”
NOTE: The character 姓 xìng has the signific graph of 女 nǚ, meaning female, an indication that the Chinese
once had a matriarchal society.xìngmíng 姓名 [comp: 姓 family name + 名 given name] N full name ■ 请你在这里写上自己的 姓名。
Qǐng nǐ zài zhèli xiěshang zìjǐ de xìngmíng. Please write down your full name here.
xiōng 兄 N elder brother
xiōngdì 兄弟 [comp: 兄 elder brother + 弟 younger brother] N brother(s) ■ 他们兄弟之间关系很 好，
一人有事，大家帮忙。Tāmen xiōngdì zhījiān guānxi hěn hǎo, yì rén yǒu shì, dàjiā bāngmáng.
The brothers have a very good relationship— when one of them is in difficulty, the others will cometo help him.
xiōng 凶 TRAD 兇 ADJ ferocious, fierce: ■ 有话 好好说，别这么凶。Yǒu huà hǎohǎo shuō, bié zhème
xiōng. If you’ve got something to say, say it nicely; don’t be so ferocious.
xiōng'è 凶恶 [comp: 凶 ferocious + 恶 bad, evil] ADJ ferocious, fierce ■ 癌是人类的凶恶敌人。Ái shì
rénlèi de xiōng'è dírén. Cancer is a ferocious enemy of the humankind.
xiōngshǒu 凶手 [comp: 凶 ferocious + 手 hand] N murderer, assailant
xiōngyǒng 汹涌 ADJ turbulent, surging
xiōng 胸 N the chest, thorax
xiōnghuái 胸怀¹ V cherish 胸怀大志 xiōnghuái dàzhì have lofty aspirations, cherish high ideals
xiōnghuái 胸怀² N mind, breadth of mind, heart 胸怀宽广 xiōnghuái kuānguǎng broad-minded
xiōngtáng 胸膛 N the chest (of the human body)
xióng 雄 ADJ 1 male (of animals) (ANTONYM 雌 cí) ■ 雄狮子比雌狮子大得多。Xióng shīzi bǐ cí shīzi dà
de duō. Male lions are much bigger than female ones. 2 grand
xiónghòu 雄厚 [comp: 雄 grand + 厚 thick] ADJ abundant, rich 资金雄厚 zījīnxiónghòu with abundant funds,
very well-financed
xióngwěi 雄伟 [comp: 雄 male + 伟 great] ADJ grand, magnificent ■ 这个城市有很多雄伟的建 筑。
Zhège chéngshì yǒu hěn duō xióngwěi de jiànzhù. This city boasts many grand buildings.
xióng 熊 N bear (只 zhī)
xióngmāo 熊猫 [comp: 熊 bear + 猫 cat] N panda, giant panda (只 zhī) ■ 熊猫只吃竹子。Xióngmāo zhǐ
chī zhúzi. Pandas eat only bamboo.
xiū 修 V 1 same as 修理 xiūlǐ 2 build, construct (a building, bridge, road, etc.) ■ 这条江上要修一 座大
桥。Zhè tiáo jiāng shang yào xiū yí zuò dà qiáo. A big bridge will be built across this river.
xiūfù 修复 V restore (a work of art)
xiūgǎi 修改 [comp: 修 repair + 改 alter] V amend, revise ■ 这份报告要修改一下，再送董事会。Zhè
fèn bàogào yào xiūgǎi yíxià, zài sòng dǒngshìhuì. This report needs some revision before being
submitted to the board of directors.
xiūjiàn 修建 [comp: 修 build + 建 build] V build, construct 修建高速铁路 xiūjiàn gāosù tiělù build high speed