Summary (^125)
• Web Links related to chapter content
• Study and review tools such as self-quizzes and an interactive glossary
You can access your online resources for Public Speaking: Concepts and Skills for a
Diverse Society at cengagebrain.com using the access code that came with your book or
that you purchased online.
Key TeRmS
The terms below are defined in the margins throughout this chapter.
cause–effect or causal
pattern 116
chronological pattern 114
connective 121
internal preview 122
internal summary 122
organic pattern 123
parallel points 119
problem–solution pattern 116
process speech 114
pro–con pattern 117
signpost 122
spatial pattern 115
spiral pattern 123
star pattern 123
topical pattern 117
transition 122
wave pattern 123
Review your Flashcards.
CRITICaL ThInKIng exeRCISeS
- Outline one of the speeches available on your online resources. (Don’t use a Speech
of Introduction; they usually have a slightly different organizational pattern.) Is the
organizational pattern easy to discern? What suggestions, if any, could you give the
speaker about arranging the points of the speech? - Read or watch Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Nobel Prize acceptance speech, which is
available online. Try to draw an “outline” of his speech using the star pattern. Identify his
main points as well as the thematic circle. Identify, also, the places where he uses the
wave pattern.
appLICaTIOn QueSTIOnS- Work with a group of your classmates to make a list of ways that speech organization
helps speakers be more effective. - With a small group of your classmates, take a topic such as credit cards, divorce,
alcohol on campus, or immigration, and identify and organize major points in as many
of the following patterns as you can: topical, chronological, spatial, cause–effect or
causal, problem–solution, pro–con, and spiral. - Using one of the basic outlines you created in the previous question, take each major
point and, underneath it, identify ways you could use evidence (statistics, facts,
testimony, definitions, examples, and so on) to support that point. - Using one of the basic outlines created above, write connectives such as signposts
and transition statements for each point. - Take the theme of creativity or the theme of perseverance. Then work with two or
three classmates and discuss how you might create a speech organized around the
wave, the spiral, or the star pattern. For example, think of three famous people who
persevered—each one in a more dramatic way. Or use examples from your school’s
sports teams, your personal lives, lives of entertainers, and so on.
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