Public Speaking

RefeRences (^297)

297

24. Bippus & Daly, What do people think.


25. Kane, L., & Helmer, L. (2006, October 6).
    Conquering podium paralysis: Public
    speaking skills for doctors. Medical
    Economics, 83 (19), 31–32.


26. MacIntyre, P. J., & MacDonald, J. R.
    (1998). Public speaking anxiety:
    Perceived competence and audience
    congeniality. Communication Education,
    47 , 359–365.


27. Finn, A. N., Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke,
    R. R.(2003). Audience-perceived
    anxiety patterns of public speakers.
    Communication Quarterly, 51 , 470–482.
    See also Elfering, A., & Grebner, S.
    (2012). Getting used to academic
    public speaking: Global self-esteem
    predicts habituation in blood pres-
    sure response to repeated thesis pre-
    sentations. Applied Psychophysiological
    Feedback, 37 , 109–120.


28. Ayers, J., & Sonandre, D. M. A. (2003).
    Performance visualization: Does the
    nature of the speech model matter?
    Communication Research Reports, 20 (3),
    260–268.


29. Mount Sinai Medical Center, Stress.


30. Ayres and Hopf have been studying
    visualization for many years. See Ayres,
    J. & Hopf, T. S. (1989). Visualiza-
    tion: Is it more than extra-attention?
    Communication Education, 38 , 1–5; see
    also Ayres, J., Hopf, T. S., & Ayres,
    D. M. (1994). An examination of
    whether imaging ability enhances
    the effectiveness of an intervention
    designed to reduce speech anxiety.
    Communication Education, 43 , 256.


31. Ayres, J., Hopf, T., & Edwards, P. A.
    (1999). Vividness and control: Factors
    in the effectiveness of performance
    visualization? Communication Education,
    48 , 287–293.


32. Carney, D. R., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Yap,
    A. J. (2010). Power posing: Brief non-
    verbal displays affect neuroendocrine
    levels and risk tolerance. Psychological
    Science, 21 (10), 1363–1368. doi:
    10.1177/0956797610383437.


33. Stel, M., van Dijk, E., Smith, P. K., van
    Dijk, W. W., & Djalal, F. M. (2012).
    Lowering the pitch of your voice makes
    you feel more powerful and think
    more abstractly. Social Psychological and
    Personality Science, 3 (4), 497–502. doi:
    10.1177/1948550611427610.


34. Ayers, J. (2005, April). Performance
    visualization and behavioral disruption:
    A clarification. Communication Reports,
    18 (1), 55–63.
    35. Finn, A., Sawyer, C. R., & Schrodt,
    P. (2009). Examining the effect of expo-
    sure therapy on public speaking anxiety.
    Communication Education, 58 (1), 92–109.
    36. Clark, R. A., & Jones, D. (2001). A
    comparison of traditional and online
    formats in a public speaking course.
    Communication Education, 50 (2),
    109–124.
    37. Stockstill, C. J., & Roach, K. D. (2007).
    Communication apprehension in
    high school athletes. Texas Speech
    Communication Journal, 32 (1), 53–64.

Chapter 3

1. U.S. Constitution Online. (2010,
   January 24, updated). Amendment 1:
   Freedom of religion, press, expression.
   Retrieved from http://www.usconstitution.net/
   xconst_Am1.html.


2. Dobner, J. (2012, April 27, updated).
   Jeremiah Hill in trouble over “joke” to
   “hijack plane, kill Obama.” Huffington
   Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffington-
   post.com/2012/04/27/jeremiah-hill-
   obama-letter_n_1457440.html.


3. Turley, J. (2012, October 12). Shut
   up and play nice: How the Western
   world is limiting free speech. The
   Washington Post. Retrieved from
   http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/
   the-four-arguments-the-western-world-
   uses-to-limit-free-speech/2012/10/
   12/e05.


4. Jensen, J. V. (1997). Ethical issues in the
   communication process. Mahwah, NJ:
   Erlbaum.


5. Jensen, Ethical issues.


6. Pearce, W. B. (1989). Communication
   and the human condition. Carbondale:
   Southern Illinois Press.


7. Berger, P. (1969). A rumor of angels:
   Modern society and the rediscovery of
   the supernatural. Garden City, NY:
   Doubleday.


8. Berger, A rumor.


9. Tannen, D. (1998). The argument culture:
   Moving from debate to dialogue. New
   York, NY: Random House.


10. Berger, A rumor.


11. Ibid.


12. Gates, H. L. (1992). Loose cannons: Notes
    on the culture wars. New York, NY:
    Oxford University Press.


13. Pearce, W. B., & Pearce, K. A. (2000).
    Combining passions and abilities:
    Toward dialogic virtuosity. Southern
    Communication Journal, 65 , 161–175.


14. Tannen, The argument culture, 289.


15. Papacharissi, Z. (2004). Democracy
    online: Civility, politeness, and
    the democratic potential of online
    political discussion groups. New
    Media and Society, 6 (2), 259–283.
    doi: 10.1177/1461444804041444.


16. Barrett, H. (1991). Rhetoric and civility:
    Human development, narcissism, and the
    good audience. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.


17. Obama, B. H. (2011, January 12). Re-
    marks by the president at a memorial
    service for the victims of the shooting
    in Tucson, Arizona. McKale Memorial
    Center, University of Arizona, Tuscon,
    AZ. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.
    gov/the-press-office/2011/01/12/
    remarks-president-barack-obama-me-
    morial-service-victims-shooting-tucson.


18. Jensen, Ethical issues.


19. Khadaroo, S. T. (2011, February 24).
    Does Facebook boost civic engage-
    ment among American youths, too?
    The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved
    from http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/
    Education/2011/0224/Does-Facebook-
    boost-civic-engagement-among-
    American-youths-too.


20. Jensen, Ethical issues.


21. Yankelovich, D. (1999). The magic of
    dialogue: Transforming conflict into coopera-
    tion. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.


22. Etzioni, A. (1996). The new golden rule:
    Community and morality in a democratic
    society (pp. 104–106). New York, NY:
    Basic Books.


23. Mallory, B. L., & Thomas, N. L. (2003,
    September/October). When the me-
    dium is the message: Promoting ethical
    action through democratic dialogue.
    Change, 2–9. Retrieved from http://www.
    collegevalues.org/pdfs/galleyproof-
    sCHANGEfinal.pdf.


24. The Regents of the University of
    Michigan. (2013). Teaching strategies:
    Incivility in the college classroom.
    Center for Research on Learning and
    Teaching. Retrieved from http://www.crlt.
    umich.edu/tstrategies/incivility.


25. A Google search for “classroom civility”
    turned up more than 500,000 hits. Here
    are just two: Center for Teaching and
    Learning. (2009). Classroom civility.
    UC Santa Cruz. Retrieved from
    http://ctl.ucsc.edu/resources/tips/tips-
    civility.html; and Faculty Development
    Center. (n.d.). Civility in the classroom.
    University of Maryland, Baltimore
    County. Retrieved from http://www.umbc.
    edu/fdc/topics/civility.php.

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