ATLAS OF THE UNIVERSE
Many people have helped in the preparation of this
book. My special thanks go to Professor Sir Arnold
Wolfendale for providing a Foreword, and to Paul
Doherty for his excellent artwork. Among those who
have provided photographs are Commander Henry
Hatfield, Don Trombino, H.J.P. Arnold, Bernard
Abrams, John Fletcher, and the Honourable Adrian
Berry. Finally, I am most grateful to Robin Rees, of
Messrs Philip’s, for all his help and encouragement.Photographic Credits
Where one of a number of photographs appears
over two pages, it is credited on the first page only.Abbreviations used are:
t top; c centre; b bottom; l left; r right
AU Associated Universities, Inc.
AURA Association of Universities for Research
in Astronomy, Inc.
Caltech California Institute of Technology
DLR Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und
Raumfahrt
ESA European Space Agency
ESO European Southern Observatory
GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center
JHU Johns Hopkins University
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JSC Johnson Space Center
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
NASA National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
NSO National Solar Observatory
NOAO National Optical Astronomy Observatory
NRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory
NSF National Science Foundation
PM Patrick Moore Collection
SOHO Solar and Heliospheric Observatory.
SOHO is a project of international
cooperation between ESA and NASA
SSI Space Science Institute
STScI Space Telescope Science Institute
SwRI Southwest Research Institute, Boulder,
Colorado
TRACE Transition Region and Coronal Explorer,
Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics
Laboratories
USGS US Geological SurveyFront endpaper V838 MonocerotisNASA and The
Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI); 1 Gemini
Observatory/Travis Rector, University of Alaska
Anchorage; 2 NASA, N. Benitez (JHU), T. Broadhurst
(The Hebrew University), H. Ford (JHU), M. Clampin
(STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), G. Illingworth (UCO/Lick
Observatory), the ACS Science Team and ESA; 6 Todd
Boroson/NOAO/AURA/NSF; 8 ESO; 10–11NASA;
12 t Detlev Van Ravenswaay/Science Photo Library,
12 c Science Photo Library, 12 bl Dr Jeremy
Burgess/Science Photo Library, 12 bc PM; 13 PM; 15
PM; 16 t Richard Wainscoat/Gemini
Observatory/AURA/NSF, 16 b Nik Szymanek, 16 r
NOAO/AURA/NSF; 17 t Center for Astrophysical
Research in Antarctica, 17 b PM; 18 l PM, 18 r ESO;
19 ESO; 20 tl Center for Astrophysical Research in
Antarctica, 20 tr Image courtesy of the U.K. Infrared
Telescope, Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, 20 bl
Ian Morison, Jodrell Bank Observatory, 20 br cour-
tesy of the NAIC – Arecibo Observatory, a facility of
the NSF; 21 t NRAO/AU/NSF; 22 tl PM, 22 cl NASA,
22 bl PM, 22 r PM; 23 tr NASA, 23 b PM; 24 tl
Novosti, 24 cl NASA, 24 bl NASA, 24 r NASA; 25 cr
PM; 25 br NASA; 26 tl NASA, 26 bl Novosti, 26 c
NASA; 27 (from top to bottom) PM,
NASA/Woodmansterne, PHOTRI/ZEFA, NASA/PM;
28 tl NASA, 28 tr STS-89 crew/NASA, 28 b NASA;
29 t NASA, 29 b NASA; 30 t NASA, 30 bl Hubble
Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA), 30 br NASA,
Holland Ford (JHU), the ACS Science Team and
ESA; 31 tl Hubble Heritage Team
(AURA/STScI/NASA), 31 tr C. Struck, P. Appleton
(Iowa State University), K. Borne (Hughes STX
Corp.), R. Lucas (STScI)/NASA, 31 br NASA; 32
NASA/JPL/SSI; 34–5MERCURYNASA/JPL, VENUS
NASA/JPL, EARTHNASA/JSC, MARS
NASA/JPL/USGS, JUPITERNASA/JPL/University of
Arizona, SATURNNASA/Hubble Heritage Team
(STScI/AURA)/R.G. French (Wellesley College)/J.
Cuzzi and J. Lissauer (NASA/Ames Research
Center)/L. Dones (SwRI), URANUSJPL/Caltech,NEPTUNENASA/JPL, PLUTOSwRI/Lowell
Observatory/STScI/NASA; 36 NASA; 37 t F.
Damm/ZEFA, 37 b PM; 40 Dominic Cantin; 41 A.
Watson/PM; 42 Eckhard Slawik/Science Photo
Library; 43 Akira Fujii/David Malin Images; 44 H.R.
Hatfield; 45 PM; 46–7PM; 48 NASA; 49
NASA/NSSDC; 50 NASA/JSC; 51 NASA/JSC; 52 t
PM, 52 b US Naval Research Laboratory; 53 t
NASA/JPL/USGS, 53 bl NASA/JPL/USGS, 53 r
NASA/GSFC, 53 br NASA/GSFC; 63 PM; 64 NASA;
65 NASA/JPL; 66 NASA/GSFC; 67 NASA/JPL; 70 b
Damian Peach/Galaxy; 71 t NASA/JPL, 71 b Novosti;
72–3NASA/JPL/USGS; 74 l NASA, 74 r NASA/JPL;
75 NASA/JPL; 76 Charles Capen (Lowell
Observatory, Arizona); 77 PM; 78 NASA/JPL; 79
NASA/JPL; 80–1NASA/JPL; 84 t and 84 br Steve Lee
(University of Colorado), Phil James (University of
Toledo) and Mike Wolff (University of Toledo), and
NASA, 84 l NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team
(STScI/AURA) Acknowledgment: J. Bell (Cornell U.),
P. James (U. Toledo), M. Wolff (SSI), A. Lubenow
(STScI), J. Neubert (MIT/Cornell); 85 tl
NASA/JPL/MSSS, 85 tr NASA, 85 bl
NASA/JPL/MSSS, 85 br NASA/JPL; 86 NASA/JPL;
87 tl NASA/JPL/MSSS, 87 tr NASA, 87 b
NASA/JPL/USGS; 88 NASA/JPL; 89 tr Mars
Exploration Rover Mission/JPL/NASA, 89 tl
ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum), 89 c ESA/DLR/FU
Berlin (G. Neukum), 89 b NASA/JPL/Cornell; 90 t
NASA/JPL, 90 l PM, 90 r NASA; 91 t B. Zellner/NASA,
91 bl NASA, 91 br B. Zellner, A. Sorrs, HSTI/NASA;
93 t PM, 93 c EROSNASA/JHU Applied Physics
Laboratory, TOUTATISNASA/NSSDC, 93 b ESO; 94 tl
NASA/JPL/CICLOPS/University of Arizona, 94 bl
Damian Peach, 94 br PM; 95
NASA/JPL/CICLOPS/University of Arizona; 97
NASA/JPL/CICLOPS/University of Arizona; 98–9
NASA/JPL; 100 HST Comet Team/NASA; 101 tl, tr,
cl, b Dr H. Weaver & T. Ed Smith (STScI)/NASA,
101 cr PM; 102 t NASA/JPL, IONASA/JPL, EUROPA
NASA/JPL/DLR, GANYMEDENASA/JPL, CALLISTO
NASA/JPL/DLR; 103 NASA/JPL; 104–5NASA/JPL;
109 t Charles Capen (Lowell Observatory, Arizona),
109 b NASA/Hubble Heritage Team
(STScI/AURA)/R.G. French (Wellesley College)/J.
Cuzzi and J. Lissauer (NASA/Ames Research
Center)/L. Dones (SwRI); 110 l NASA and The
Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Acknowledgment: R.G. French (Wellesley College),
J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SwRI), and J.
Lissauer (NASA/Ames), 110 r NASA/JPL; 111
Damian Peach; 112 NASA/JPL; 113 b NASA/JPL,
113 t NASA/JPL/SSI; 114 t NASA/JPL/SSI, 114 b
NASA/JPL; 115 NASA/JPL/SSI; 116 MIMAS
NASA/JPL/SSI, ENCELADUSNASA/JPL; 117 TETHYS
NASA/JPL, DIONENASA/JPL/SSI, RHEA
NASA/JPL/SSI, HYPERIONNASA/JPL, IAPETUS
NASA/JPL/SSI, PHOEBENASA/JPL/SSI; 120 l
ESA/NASA/University of Arizona, 120 r
NASA/JPL/SSI; 121 tl ESA/NASA/JPL/University of
Arizona, 121 tr NASA/JPL, 121 bl NASA/JPL/SSI,
121 br NASA/JPL; 122 ESO; 123 l PM, 123 r
Kenneth Seidelmann, US Naval Observatory/NASA;
124 NASA/JPL; 125 t NASA/JPL/Caltech, 125 b Erich
Karkoschka (University of Arizona), and NASA; 126 t
NASA/JPL, 126 bl NASA/JPL, 126 r
NASA/JPL/Caltech; 127 NASA/JPL; 130 NASA/JPL;
131 t L. Sromovsky (University of Wisconsin-
Madison)/NASA, 131 b NASA/JPL;132–3
NASA/JPL; 134 PM; 135 t PM, 135 c PM, 135 b
NASA; 136 A. Stern (SwRI), M. Buie (Lowell
Observatory)/ESA/NASA; 137 t Chad Trujillo &
Michael Brown (Caltech), 137 l (3) A. Smette, C.
Vanderriest (La Silla), ESO, 137 br D. L. Rabinowitz
(Kitt Peak National Observatory, Arizona); 138 l Akira
Fujii/David Malin Images, 138 r Gordon Rogers; 139
NASA/JPL/Caltech; 140 t Peter Carrington/PM, 140 c
(6) Mount Wilson and Las Campanas Observatories
of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 140 l ESA,
140 r Mount Wilson and Las Campanas
Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of
Washington; 141 ESA; 142–3PM; 144 Akira
Fujii/David Malin Images; 145 t NASA/JPL-Caltech,
145 c NASA/JPL, 145 l PM, 145 br NASA/JPL; 146
PM; 147 tl John Fletcher, 147 tr PM, 147 c PM, 147 b
D.F. Trombino; 148–9 PM; 150 tl D.F. Trombino,
150 bl PM, 150 r PM; 151 t David Parker/SPL, 151 r
Vic Urban; 152–3Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences; 155 tl COBE/DIRBE/NASA/GSFC,155 tr PM, 155 bl Kamioka Observatory, ICRR
(Institute for Cosmic Ray Research) The University of
Tokyo, 155 br Brookhaven National Laboratory;
156 tr Kitt Peak National Observatory, Arizona,
156 br H.J.P. Arnold; 157 tr (3) Commonwealth
Science and Industrial Research Organization,
Sydney, Australia; 158 cl Göran Scharmer/Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences, 158 br D.F.
Trombino; 159 Bill Livingston/NOAO/AURA/NSF;
161 t Henry Brinton, 161 c PM, 161 bl Akira
Fujii/David Malin Images, 161 br Bill
Livingston/NSO/AURA/NSF; 162 Institute of Space
and Astronautical Science, Japan; 163 t TRACE is a
mission of the Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space
Research and part of the NASA Small Explorer pro-
gram, 163 bl Courtesy SOHO/EIT Consortium, 163 br
Dominic Cantin; 164–5Akira Fujii/David Malin
Images; 166–7PM; 169 PM; 170 PM; 172 PM;
174 b ESO; 177 Hubble Heritage Team
(STScI/AURA/NASA); 179 Jon Morse (University of
Colorado) and NASA; 180 PM; 181 t F. Paresce, R.
Jedrzejewski (STScI), NASA/ESA, 181 c N.A.
Sharp/WIYN/NOAO/NSF; 182 b NASA and The
Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), 182 t PM;
183 l R.W. Arbour, 183 r G. Sonneborn
(GSFC)/NASA and J. Pun (NOAO)/SINS
Collaboration; 184 © Anglo-Australian Observatory,
photograph by David Malin; 185 c NASA/ESA/A.M.
Koekemoer (STScI), M. Dickinson (NOAO) and The
GOODS Team, 185 b Hubble Heritage Team
(AURA/STScI/NASA); 186 © Anglo-Australian
Observatory/Royal Observatory, Edinburgh,
Photograph by David Malin; 187 Rebecca Elson and
Richard Swird (Cambridge and NASA); original WFPC2
courtesy of J. Westphal (Caltech); 188 t Matt
Bobrowsky (Orbital Sciences Corporation) and
NASA, 188 bl John Fletcher, 188 br H.R. Hatfield;
189 Gordon Rogers; 190 ESO; 191 tl ESO, 191 tr
NOAO/AURA/NSF, 191 b ESO; 192–3
NOAO/AURA/NSF; 194 l T.A. Rector and B.A.
Wolpa/NOAO/AURA/NSF; 195 t Hubble Space
Telescope WFPC Team, 195 b ESO; 197 t ESO, 197 b
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center,
Caltech/JPL. IPAC is NASA’s Infrared Astrophysics
Data Center; 198 l NOAO/AURA/NSF, 198 r ESO;
199 r T.A. Rector (NRAO/AUI/NSF and
NOAO/AURA/NSF) and M. Hanna
(NOAO/AURA/NSF); 200 bl Lick Observatory; 200 bc
Hale Observatories; 200 br Hale Observatories; 201 t
Hale Observatories (3), 201 bl Hale Observatories,
201 bc Lick Observatory, 201 br Hale Observatories;
202 t PM, 202 b ESO; 203 tr J. Bahcall (Institute for
Advanced Study, Princeton)/NASA, 203 tl & 203 bl J.
Bahcall (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton), M.
Disney (University of Wales)/NASA, 203 cr
NASA/ESA; 204 R. Williams (STScI), the Hubble
Deep Field Team and NASA; 205 R. Windhorst, S.
Pascarelle (Arizona State University)/NASA; 206
WMAP Science Team, NASA; 208 Chris Burrows,
STScI, ESA, J. Krist (STScI), the WFPC2 IDT team,
and NASA; 210–1The Art Archive / Palazzo Farnese
Caprarola / Dagli Orti (A); 219 T.A. Rector and
Monica Ramirez/NOAO/AURA/NSF; 221 J.P.
Harrington and K.J. Borkowski (University of
Maryland), and NASA; 229 ESO; 231 B. Whitmore
(STScI)/NASA; 236–7 John Fletcher; 243 Bernard
Abrams; 245 Doug Williams, N.A.
Sharp/NOAO/AURA/NSF; 247 NOAO/AURA/NSF;
251 Bernard Abrams; 253 T.A. Rector and B.A.
Wolpa/NOAO/AURA/NSF; 260 W. Keel/
NOAO/AURA/NSF; 262–3PM; 264 tl PM, 264 bl PM,
264 r Derek St Romaine; 265 l David Cortner/Galaxy,
265 r PM; 266 Derek St Romaine; 267 tl T.A. Rector,
I.P. Dell’Antonio/NOAO/AUFA/NSF, 267 tr
NASA/JPL/USGS, 267 b (3) Derek St Romaine; 268
PM; 269 t PM, 269 l Curtis MacDonald/Galaxy, 269 r
Jerry Gunn/Galaxy; Back endpaperEagle Nebula
NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA).Artwork Credits (© Philip’s)
Paul Doherty, Raymond Turvey and Julian Baum
(174–5)Mapping Credits (© Philip’s)
MOON MAPSJohn Murray
WHOLE SKY MAPS AND SEASONAL CHARTS
Wil Tirion
STAR MAPSprepared by Paul Doherty and
produced by Louise GriffithsAcknowledgements
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