960 Index
soil(s)
Mars landing sites, 341
Moon, components, 233
SojournerMars rover, 331, 340, 341, 342
solar corona
active regions, 80
coronagraph study of, 892
coronal heating, 84–85
coronal holes, 80, 102
coronal loops
hydrostatics of, 80–81
MHD oscillations of, 83–84
coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 106
fast, 107
triggering processes, 107
dynamics, 81–82
LASCO/C3 coronograph (onSOHO),
106, 217
magnetic field, 82–83
quiet-Sun regions, 80
radio emission, 95
solar wind origination in, 521
static, 100
time scale evolution, 106
ultraviolet dominant emissions, 71,
73
solar cosmic rays, 255
solar eclipses, 229
solar energetic particles
exposure,International Space Station,
224
interplanetary conditions contribution,
218
solar EUV fluxes, 214, 215
solar flares
magnetic reconnection, 86–97
models, 87–89
diffusive shock acceleration, 91
firs-order Fermi acceleration, 91
plasma dynamics, 89–90
space weather, 213
white light observations, 99
solar flares and coronal mass ejections,
86–97
filaments and prominences, 87
gamma-ray emission, 94–95
hard X-ray emission, 93–94
magnetic reconnection, 86–87
particle acceleration and kinematics,
90–92
radio emission, 95
solar latitude effects, 103–104
solar magnetic field, 213
solar nebula
collapse, giant planet heat generation,
385
Mars formation, 318
primitive meteorites, 30
solar parallax, 59, 64
Solar System
architecture, dynamics, 3–8
barycenters, 888
early, NEOs as remnants of, 284
fate of, 27
formation, 286, 287, 605
infrared views, from space, 681–694
key discoveries/observations, 58
Late Heavy Bombardment period,
123, 298
nature/composition, 8–13
origin, 22–23, 29–52, 133–135, 605
protoplanetary disks, 30–33
at radio wavelengths, 695–717
star formation, 30–33
20th century, pre-space age studies, 70
at ultraviolet wavelengths, 659–680
X-rays in, 637–658
Solar System, dust, 621–636
composition
carbonaceous material, 621
stony/iron meteorites, 621
dangers, 622
dynamics and evolution
charging of dust, 633–634
collisions, 633
gravity/Keplerian orbits, 632
in interplanetary space, 634–635
magnetic field interaction, 633–634
Poynting-Robertson effect, 632–633
radiation pressure, 632
observations, 622–631, 627–628
interplanetary dust particles,
625–626
lunar microcraters, 627–628
meteors, 623–625
near-Earth environment, 627–628
zodiacal light, 626–627
zodiacal light caused by, 621
Solar System, inner
dust flux, 629
habitable zone, 864
satellites, 365
zodiacal dust clouds, 684
Solar System, origin, 29–52
18th century studies, 60
meteorites, 33–38
achondrites, 35–36
chondrites, 34–35
irons, 36–38
molecular cloud collapse, 30, 31
nucleosynthesis/short-lived isotopes,
38–41
protoplanetary disk/nebula, 30–33
satellites, 49–50
star formation, 30–33
study approaches, 30
Solar System, outer
dust detection, 630Kuiper Belt, 304
Pluto’s context, 555–556
Solar System studies
Babylons and Greeks, 53–54
Copernicus and Tycho, 55–56
18th century, 59–60
Kepler and Galileo, 56–57
19th century, 60–65
17th century, second half, 57–59
20th century, pre-space age, 66–70
solar wind
Alfvén speed, 521
Archimedean spiral, 521
asteroid interactions, 524–525
comet interactions, 524–525
composition
alpha particles, 99
electrons, 112, 114
heavy ion content, 114
plasma, 99.11%1, 213
protons, 99, 112
coronal expansion, 104, 105
corotating interaction regions (CIRs)
high-pressure, 105
meridional tilts, 106
discovery, by Biermann, 569
disturbances, 107
early observations
direct, 100
indirect, 99–100
Earth’s compressible field, 218
electrical conduction, 101
electrons
kinetic aspects, 112, 114
superthermal, 114
heliosphere
energetic ion populations, 114
heliopause, outmost boundary of,
111
symmetric shape, 112
high/low-speed flows, 110
ion count spectrum, 113
as marginally collisional plasma, 112
Mercury, hydrogen/helium, 119
origination in solar corona, 521
outflowing, ionized gas/plasma of solar
upper atmosphere, 216
parameter variability, 101
Parker’s model, 100, 101–102
Pluto interactions, 524–525
properties, 100–101, 103, 523,
655–656
shocks
formation, 104–105
as particle accelerators, 115
support, 112
slowing down by, 522
solar corona, 521
structureless, 110