962 Index
Springwater pallasite meteorites, 259
Sputnik, Soviet launch, 736
Stardustspacecraft, Wild 2 comet flyby,
558, 564, 884
stars
astrobiological potential, 867–868
Beta Pictoris, 31
formation, 30–33
G2-V spectral types, 71
HD 209458, 894
main sequence, 3
observations, infrared radiation
(IRAS), 30
T Tauri, 32
stellar occultations, planetary rings, 505
stratigraphy, Moon, 233–234, 235
stratosphere
Earth, 172–173
giant planets, dynamical meteorology,
394–399
Jupiter/Neptune, hydrogen cyanide,
388
Venus, 139
Strombolian volcanic eruption, 837
Stuart, J. Scott, 290
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory heavy
water experiments, 74
Suiseispace mission, 883
sulfur
Mars, unstable, 306
SNC meteorites, 306
sulfur dioxide, ices, Ganymede/Callisto,
459
sulfur-dioxide greenhouse effect, 310
summit calderas, Venus, 834
Sun
activity phenomenon, 76
areocentric longitude, 785
Ballerina Skirt Model, 103
center of, astrometric motion, 888
chromosphere/transition region,
78–79
dynamic phenomena, 78–79
physical properties, 78
CNO cycle, 74
composition
helium, primary element, 38
hydrogen, primary element, 38
dust particles, 629
energetic (EUV, X-ray) photon
outputs, 213
exploration missions, 873–875
formation, 71
G2-V spectral star classification, 71
heliosphere
energetic ion populations, 114
heliopause, outmost boundary of,
111
magnetic field, 101–103
Sun-Earth connection, 214–218
symmetric shape, 112
historical studies
19th century, 60–61
20th century, pre-space age, 65–66
influence on asteroids, 289
interior, 73–76
helioseismology, 75–76
neutrinos, 74
solar dynamo, 76
thermonuclear energy source, 74
interior, dynamo activity, 213
internal zones
connective, 72
radioactive, 72
thermonuclear, 72
large scale magnetic field, 102.5
M (magnetic)-regions, 100
magnetic field, 76, 213
main sequence star, 3
mass, 99.9% of Solar System, 33
Milky Way galaxy location, 71
19th century studies, 60–61
photosphere, 76–78
physical properties, 72
radial velocity measurement, 889
reflex motion of, 888
structure, 72
20th century, pre-space age studies,
65–66
Sun-Earth connection
atmospheric effects, 221–223
connections/complexity, 215
geospace role, 218–221
magnetopause, 218
magnetosheath, 218
implications for
astronomy/astrophysics, 225
magnetosphere, 214
field topology, 218
structure, 219
practical aspects, 223–225
solar and heliospheric roles,
214–218
solar energetic particles, 218
solar EUV fluxes, 214, 215
solar interior, dynamo activity, 213
solar ultraviolet photons, 215
solar wind stream, 216
space weather, 213, 221
sunspots, 76, 77–78, 217
surface-bounded exosphere
Mercury, 317–318, 661
Moon, 662
Surveyorlander Moon missions, 240,
879
Swings, Pol, 70
SXT telescope, 84
synchrotron radiation, 710–713T Tauri stars, 32
tail, of comets, 567–570
composition, 561
dust particle emissions rate,
Bessel-Bredichin theory, 567
Hale-Bopp comet, 567
Tarso Voon Volcano, Chad, 199
tauonic neutrinos (νt), 74
taxonomy
asteroids, 359–362
near-Earth objects, 292
tectonics
Europa, global patterns, 433–435
Ganymede/Callisto, Jupiter, 461–464
Mars surface/interior, 322
Mercury, 122, 131
Moon, 233
plates, Earth’s surface, 192, 831
Tedesco, Edward, 286
tektites, Moon, 247
telescopes
Earth-orbiting X-ray
ACIS-1 detector images, 641, 644,
645
Chandra, 637, 638, 641
ROSAT, 641
ground-based
adaptive optics advances, 729
with apertures greater than
5 meters, 723
design, 721
detector array advances, 727–729
importance of, 719–720
infrared detector arrays, 721
low-noise, 721
mount variations, 724
of NASA, 720–721
University of Arizona, 2.3-m,
720
University of Hawaii, 2.2-m, 719
sky survey telescopes, 729–733
space-based infrared
Akarispacecraft, 683, 684
Cosmic Background Explorer, 683,
684
Infrared Astronomical Satellite,
683, 684
Infrared Space Observatory, 683,
684
Midcourse Space Experiment, 683,
684
Wide-field Infrared Survey
Explorer(WISE), 690
thermal infrared, 684
telescopic observations
of asteroids, 362
of satellites, 366, 378
photometry, 371–372
polarimetry, 372