A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

A-88 Index

Russia (continued)

in World War I, 884, 890, 896, 897-98,

901,902, 906, 908, 910, 914,

916-17, 922, 923, 931, 936, 945

World War 1 home front in, 897-98

in World War I outbreak, 881, 883, 884-88

see also Muscovy; Russian Revolutions of

1917; Soviet Union

Russia, post-Soviet, 1214, 1216, 1218, 1236

Russian Academy of Sciences, 307

Russian Civil War, 945-49, 946, 947, 949,

967

foreign intervention in, 966-67

White and Red terrors in, 945, 946,

948-49, 949

Russian language, 716

Russian Orthodox Church, 268, 270,

274-75, 339, 354, 359, 428, 532,

579, 690-91, 705, 707, 711,713,

716, 723, 749, 866, 938-39, 940

science and, 306, 308

Soviet Union and, 951, 953, 1040

Russian Revolution of 1905, 646, 721—25,

927

Russian Revolutions of 1917, 926, 927—28,

981,981,995

Civil War following, 945-49, 946, 947, 949

February, 916, 927, 932-35, 938, 942,

943, 949, 953

July Days in, 939-40

Lenin's return in, 939

October, 914, 916, 927-28, 941-45, 944

spread of, 936-39

World War I and, 923-33, 934, 936,

937-38, 939-40, 945, 951

Russo-Japanese War, 645-46, 719-21, 720,

722, 841, 872, 873, 874, 875, 928

Russo-Turkish War, 711, 717, 868

Rutherford, Ernest, 756, 756

Rwanda, 1238

Ryswick, Treaty of (1697), 279

S.A. (Sturmabteilungen; Nazi Germany),

1013, 1022, 1023-24

Saar Basin, 963, 964, 1030

Sadowa (Koniggratz), Battle of (1866), 667

Sahara Desert, 826, 859

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572),

132, 133, 134, 185,212

St. Germain, Treaty of (1919), 967

Saint James Conference, 1114

Saint-Just, Louis Antoine, 466, 470

St. Peter's Basilica, 123

St. Petersburg, 276-77, 276

St. Petersburg demonstrations (1905), 721,

722, 932

Saint-Simon, Count Henri de, 564, 565-66

Saipan, 1100

Sakharov, Andrey, 1195

Salazar, Antonio, 1002, 1047, 1048, 1185

Salonika, 904

salons, in Enlightenment, 333-34, 334

SALT treaties, see Strategic Arms Limitation

Talks

Salvation Army, 688

Samoa, 839

Sand, George, 617

San Francisco Conference (1945), 1113-14

San Salvador, 35

sans-culottes, 455-56, 455, 461, 467, 492

San Stefano, Treaty of (1878), 711

Santa Lucia, 571

Santiago de Compostella, shrine of, 16

Santo Domingo, 571

Sao Tome, 847

Sardinia, 175, 423, 462, 463

see also Piedmont-Sardinia

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 1137, 1138, 1169

Sassoon, Siegfried, 893, 913

Satie, Erik, 813

Saudi Arabia, 967

Savonarola, Girolamo, 75, 76

Savoy, 109, 157, 204, 508, 571

French annexation of, 625, 653, 655, 668,

729

Saxony, 97, 97, 101, 154, 155, 156, 157,

262, 265, 276, 279, 491, 529, 604,

619, 667

and Congress of Vienna, 573

Saxony, duke of, 258

Say, Jean-Baptiste, 537

Sazonov, Sergei, 880, 881, 883, 884, 887

Scandinavia, 19

migration from, 762, 762

Northmen in, 5

population of, 20

post World War II politics in, 1183

Reformation in, 81, 100, 124

women in, 1140

Scheidemann, Philip, 957, 958, 963

Schengen Agreement (1985), 1223

Schleicher, Kurt von, 1021

Schleswig-Holstein, 362, 664-66, 667

Schlieffen, Count Alfred von, 884, 885

Schlieffen Plan, 884-86, 887, 891, 891

Schmalkaldic League, 101

Schmerling, Anton von, 679

Schmidt, Helmut, 1181, 1226

scholasticism, 56-58, 59, 82, 84, 87, 93,

296, 299

Schonberg, Arnold, 813

Schroder, Gerhard, 1181