Contents xiiiLiberalism 579 Liberals and Politics • Laissez-FaireRomanticism 582 Conservative Origins • Romantic
Literature and Painting • Romantic Music
Stirrings of Revolt 585 Liberal Revolts in Spain,
Portugal, and Italy • Stirrings in Germany • Cracks in
the Congress of Europe: The Greek Revolt • The
Decembrist Revolt in Russia • France: The Bourbon
Restoration and the Revolution of 1830
Other Liberal Assaults on the Old Order 598
Independence for Belgium • Liberal Successes in
Switzerland
Nationalist Dreams 600 The Revolt in Poland •
Uprisings in Italy and Spain • German Nationalism in
Central Europe
Crisis and Compromise in Great Britain 605
Religious and Electoral Reform • The Reform Bill of
1832 • Chartism and the Repeal of the Corn Laws
Conclusion 612Chapter 16 The Revolutions of 1 848 613
Revolutionary Mobilization 614 The February
Revolution in France • Revolution in the German
States • Revolution in Central Europe • Revolution in
the Italian StatesThe Elusive Search for Revolutionary Consensus 626
Crisis in France • The Frankfurt Parliament
Counter-Revolution 632 Counter-Revolution in
Habsburg Central Europe • Prussian-Austrian Rivalry •
The Counter-Revolution in the Italian States • The
Agony of the French Second Republic
The Legacy of 1848 640PART FIVE THE AGE OF MASS POLITICSChapter 17 The Era of National Unification 649The Political Unification of Italy 650 Leadership for
Italian Unification • Alliances and Warfare to Further
Italian Unification • Garibaldi and the Liberation of