A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

Contents xv

Chapter 1 9 Rapid Industrialization and Its

Challenges, 1 870-1914 742

The Second Industrial Revolution 744 New

Technology and Scientific Discoveries • The Electric

and Chemical Revolutions • Regional Variations •

Travel and Communications • Further Scientific

Discoveries: “A Boundless Future” and Its Uncertainties

Social Change 758 Demographic Boom •

Improving Standards of Living • Migration and

Emigration • The Changing World of Work •

Industrialization and the Working-Class Family •

Teeming Cities • Social Mobility

Cultural Changes: Education and Religion 773

Education • The Decline of Religious Practice

The Consumer Explosion 778 Leisure in the Belle

Epoque • Sports in Mass Society

Conclusion 781

Chapter 2,0 Political and Cultural Responses to a

Rapidly Chancinc World 783

State Social Reform 784 The Trade Union

Movement • Socialists • Christian Socialism • The

Anarchists • Syndicalists • The Quest for Womens

Rights

Cultural Ferment 798 Realism • Impressionism

• Social Theorists'Analyses of Industrial Society •
  Nietzsches Embrace of the Irrational • Freud and the
  Study of the Irrational • Avant-Garde Artists and
  Writers and the Rapid Pace of Modern Life • The
  Avant-Garde's Break with Rationalism
  Conclusion 817

Chapter 2 1 The Age of European Imperialism 81 9

From Colonialism to Imperialism 820

The “New Imperialism” and the Scramble for Africa

823 British and French Imperial Rivalry • Germany

and Italy Join the Race • Standoff in the Sudan: The

Fashoda Affair • The British in South Africa and the

Boer War