A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

Contents xvii

Chapter 2 3 Revolutionary Russia and the

Soviet Union 927

War and Revolution 928 Russia at War • The

February Revolution • The Provisional Government and

the Soviet • The Army • The Revolution Spreads •

Lettin s Return • The July Days • The Kornilov Ajfair

The October Revolution 941 The Bolsheviks Seize

Poiver • The Peace of Brest-Litovsk

Civil War 945

The Soviet Union 949 Democratic Centralism •

The New Economic Policy

Chapter 24 The Elusive Search for Stability

in the 1 920s 955

The End of the War 956 Revolution in Germany and

Hungary • The Treaty of Versailles • Settlements in

Eastern Europe

National and Ethnic Challenges 968 The National

Question and the Successor States • Colonial and

National Questions

Economic and Social Instability 977 Social Turmoil

• The Left and the Origins of the Welfare State
  Political Instability 982 Germany’s Fragile Weimar
  Republic • The Established Democracies: Britain
  and France
  Artists and Intellectuals in the Waste Land 989

Chapter 25 The Europe of Economic Depression and

Dictatorship 993

Economies in Crisis 993 The Great Depression •

Gradual European Economic Revival

The Dynamics of Fascism 1000 Mussolini and

Fascism in Italy • Hitler and the Rise of the Nazis in

Germany • Right-Wing Authoritarian Movements in

Eastern Europe • Fascism in Austria • The Popular

Front in France against the Far Right • Fascism in the

Low Countries and Britain

The Third Reich 1020 The Collapse of the Weimar

Republic • The Nazi State • Hitler s New Reich and