452 • Chronology
1171-1250 Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt (1174-1260 in Syria)
1180-1225 Brief revival of Abbasid caliphate
1187 Salah al-Din defeats Crusaders at Hittin and takes Jerusalem
1189-1193 Third Crusade takes Acre, but not Jerusalem
1202-1204 Fourth Crusade takes Constantinople
1206—1227 Reign of Jenghiz Khan, Mongol conqueror
1218-1221 Fifth Crusade, directed against Egypt
1220 Jenghiz Khan defeats Khwarizm Turks, enters Khurasan
1228-1229 Sixth Crusade leads to treaty, letting Christians rule Jerusalem
and other holy land cities for a ten-year period
1236 Spanish Christians capture Cordoba
1243 Mongols defeat Seljuks in Battle of Kose Dagh
1248-1254 Seventh Crusade, directed against Egypt, is repelled by the
Mamluks
1250-1517 Mamluk sultanate in Egypt (1260-1516 in Syria and Hijaz)
1256 Mongols, led by Hulegu, capture Assassin stronghold in Persia
1256-1349 Il-Khanid dynasty in Persia
1258 Hulegu's forces sack Baghdad, ending Abbasid caliphate
1260 Mamluks defeat Mongols in Battle of Ayn Jalut
1270 Eighth Crusade, directed against Tunis
1291 Acre taken by the Mamluks
1295-1304 Reign of Ghazan Khan, Il-Khanid convert to Islam
1299-1923 Ottoman Empire
1326 After long siege, Ottomans take Bursa, which becomes their
capital
1354 Ottomans cross Dardanelles, also take Ankara
1361 Ottomans capture Adrianople (Edirne)
1369-1405 Reign of Timur Leng (Tamerlane), who takes Central and
Southwest Asia and founds the Timurid dynasty
1371 Ottomans conquer Bulgaria and Macedonia
1389 Ottomans defeat Serbs at Kosovo
1389-1402 Reign of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I
1391-1398 First Ottoman siege of Constantinople