A Concise History of the Middle East

Bibliographie Essay ••• 505

Tauris, 1989); and David Morgan, The Mongols (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986).

Some contemporary sources have been translated and edited in Bertold Spuler's

History of the Mongols, trans. Helga Drummond and Stuart Drummond, reprint

ed. (New York: Dorset Press, 1989). A lecture series shows how the Persians

adapted and survived: Ann Lambton, Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia

(London: Tauris, 1988). On Mongol technology, see the following Web site:

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/WestTech/xmongol.htm.

CHAPTER 8

Many authors, both Muslim and Western, have written synoptic descriptions of
Islamic civilization. Aside from the works cited earlier, these include Seyyed Hos-
sein Nasr, Islamic Life and Thought (Albany: SUNY Press, 1985); and Gustave Von
Grunebaum, Medieval Islam, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953;
available online). Collaborative efforts include C. E. Bosworth and Joseph Schacht,
eds., The Legacy of Islam (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1974);
John R. Hayes, ed., The Genius of Arab Civilization: Source of the Renaissance,
2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983); Bernard Lewis, ed., Islam and the
Arab World (New York: Knopf, 1976); and Francis Robinson, ed., The Cambridge
Illustrated History of the Islamic World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1996).
On the Shari'a, see Joseph Schacht, An Introduction to Islamic Law (London:
Oxford University Press, 1964); and Noel J. Coulson, A History of Islamic Law
(Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1965). Political thought is covered by
Ann K. S. Lambton, State and Government in Medieval Islam (London: Oxford
University Press, 1981). On theology, start with W. Montgomery Watt, Islamic
Philosophy and Theology (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1962;
reprint ed., 1985). Sympathetic treatment of Sufism can be found in Seyyed Hos-
sein Nasr, Sufi Essays (Albany: SUNY Press, 1972); James Fadiman and Robert
Frager, Essential Sufism (San Francisco: Harper, 1997); and Annemarie Schimmel,
Mystical Dimensions of Islam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
1975). Synthesizing recent scholarship on Sufi history is Julian Baldick's Mystical
Islam (New York and London: NYU Press, 1989). A synoptic work on Islamic spir¬
ituality is John Renard's Seven Doors to Islam (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1996). Alan Godlas, a professor at the University of Georgia, has an elabo¬
rate Web site on Islamic history and institutions (as well as current news and
opinion) at http://www.arches.uga.edu/~godlas/home.html.
The standard women's history is Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam (New
Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992). For this era, see Wiebke Walther,
Women in Islam: From Medieval to Modern Times, 2nd ed. (New York: Marcus
Wiener, 1993). See also a Muslim Web site: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/
islamandwomen.