Bibliographie Essay ••• 521Donohue and John L. Esposito, eds., Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives
(New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982); and Yvonne Yazbeck Had-
dad, éd., Contemporary Islam and the Challenge of History (Chicago: Kazi Publica¬
tions, 1996). Political terrorism is another favorite topic for writers; the book
most relevant to the Middle East in the 1980s is Robin Wright, Sacred Rage: The
Wrath of Militant Islam, rev. ed. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986). In addition,
see Juan R. Cole and Nikki Keddie, eds., Shi'ism and Social Protest (New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1986). Edward Said wrote various books on the errors in
Western thinking about the Middle East: Orientalism (New York: Pantheon
Books, 1978) on scholars; The Politics of Dispossession: The Struggle for Palestinian
Self-Determination, 1969-1994 (New York: Vintage Books, 1995) on policymak¬
ers; and Covering Islam (New York: Pantheon Books, 1981) on journalists.
The year of the Iranian Revolution was a tumultuous one for the Middle East and
is described in David W. Lesch, 1979: The Year that Shaped the Middle East (Boulder:
Westview Press, 2001). The Iranian Revolution has been described from various an¬
gles. In particular, see Geneive Abdo and Jonathan Lyons, Answering Only to God:
Faith and Freedom in Twenty-first-Century Iran (New York: Touchstone Books,
2000); Ervand Abrahamian's Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton: Princeton
University Press, 1982), as well as his Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993); Said Amir Arjomand, The Turban
for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran (New York: Oxford University Press,
1988); Shaul Bakhash, The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution
(New York: Basic Books, 1984); and Robin Wright, In the Name of God: The Khome¬
ini Decade (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), and The Last Great Revolution: Tur¬
moil and Transformation (New York: Knopf, 2000). US policy is discussed in David
Harris, The Crisis: The President, the Prophet, and the Shah (Boston: Little, Brown,
2004); Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Mid¬
dle East Terror (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003); and Kenneth Pollack, The Persian Puz¬
zle: The Conflict Between Iran and America (New York: Random House, 2004). On
the hostage crisis, see David Farber, Taken Hostage: The Iran Hostage Crisis and
America's First Encounter with Radical Islam (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton Uni¬
versity Press, 2005). On the Iran-Iraq War, see Shahram Chubin, Iran and Iraq at
War (Boulder: Westview Press, 1988); Stephen C. Pelletière, The Iran-Iraq War:
Chaos in a Vacuum (New York: Praeger, 1992); and Adam Tarock, The Superpowers'
Involvement in the Iran-Iraq War (Commack, NY: Nova Science Publications, 1998).
The official account of the Iran-Contra affair is Lawrence E. Walsh, Iran-Contra:
The Final Report (New York: Times Books, 1992); the same author's memoir is Fire¬
wall: The Iran Contra Conspiracy and Coverup (New York: W. W Norton, 1997).
Richard Secord offers a defense in Honored and Betrayed: Irangate, Covert Affairs,
and the Secret War in Laos (New York: Wiley, 1992). See http://www.totse.com/en/
politics/terrorists_and_freedom_fighters/ayal.html for Khomeini's biography;
http://www.totse.com/en/politics/terrorists_and_freedom_fighters/ayal.html on