A Concise History of the Middle East

534 • Index

Akram, 32
al-Da'wah, 386
Al-Mamun (caliph), 83
Aladdin, 77,81
Alawis, 10,218,302,417
Albania, 143,144,197
Albright, Madeleine, 414
Alchemy, 121
Aleppo, 103,104,137, 212,218
Alexander the Great, 16,17
Alexandretta,212,218
Alexandria, 19,187
riots in, 191
Algeria, 84,90,113, 209,313, 319, 336, 345,
370, 379
Ali (son-in-law of Muhammad, caliph), 32,
39, 54, 60-62, 63,67,89
Aliya
first, 274
second, 276-277
Allah, 43,44,125
Allenby, Edmund, 214,256,257,
258,259
Alliance Israélite Universelle, 274
Allies (WWI), 210,227,228
secret agreements among, 218-220,221
Amal, 393,408
American Israel Committee for Public
Affairs (AIPAC), 346,388,433
American University of Beirut, 206,207
Amin (caliph), 82, 83
Amirs, 132
Amman, 213
Amnesty International, 373
Amr, 40, 56,62
Amr ibn al-As, 54,61
Amu Darya, 74
Anatolia, 7, 8,17,18,64, 75, 88, 97,102,

129,136,138, 141,174

Angels, 31,44. See also Gabriel
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, on
Palestine, 287
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, 257,260,261,
263,295
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, 239,241,
311-312,371

Anglo-Persian Oil Company

(Anglo-Iranian), 236,239,241

Anglo-Zionist rift, Zionism and, 280-281

Animism, 29,30

Ankara, 137,141,143,227,228,232

Ansar, 36, 38

Anti-Semitism, 269,274,286

Antioch, 19,99

Apostasy, 47,54

Aqaba, Gulf of, 57,213,324

al-Aqsa Intifada, 438

Arab Higher Committee, 282,284

Arab-Israeli conflict, 6,269-270. See also

June 1967 War; October War; Suez

Canal; War of Attrition

Arab divisions in, 296-297

cease-fires of, 294

origins of, 269-280

peace process in, 294-295,334-335,

337-338,409-410

Arab League, 204,261,267,289,296,301,

303, 318, 360, 382,387, 391,407,

425,445

Arab Legion, 280,292,293,294,295,297,

299,301,315

Arab Liberation Army, 295,297

Arab-Ottoman Friendship Society, 208

Arab Revolt, 213,214,218,225

Arabia

politics of, 25

polytheistic animism of, 30

Qarmations of, 89

Southern, 25

Arabian American Oil Company

(Aramco), 246

Arabian Nights, The, 77,122

Arabian Peninsula

climatic conditions in, 23-24

water scarcity in, 23

Arabic language, 10, 73, 81,107

word derivations from, 5-6

Arabic literary society, 208

Arabs, 4. See also Nationalism; Palestine;

Palestinians; Pan-Arabism

armies of, 55

beginnings of, 21,23