180 Index
Juran (painter), 80
Jurchen, 71, 95. See also Jin dynasty
Kaifeng, 67, 71, 76–79
Kangxi Emperor (Qing), 97–99, 100
Kang Youwei, 110, 113
Karakorum, 79
Khitan Liao dynasty, 53, 67, 70
Khrushchev, Nikita, 140
Khubilai Khan, 81, 82
Kim Il-sung, 136
Kingship, Confucianism and, 14, 20. See
also Mandate of Heaven; specifi c rulers
Kissinger, Henry, 144
Koguryo, 52. See also Korea
Kongzi.See Confucius
Korea, 53, 95, 108
Korean War, 136, 138
Kumarajiva, 44, 46
Kung, H. H., 123
Land and Labor in China (Tawney), 126
Landownership, 13, 30, 126, 131;
collectivized, 135, 140–41; equal-fi eld
system, 48, 51, 53, 54, 61
Landscape painting, 79–80, 92–93
Language.See Chinese language
Laozi, 16. See also Daoism
Laws and legal codes, 22; Tang, 54
Legalism(fajia), 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 23; Han
emperors and, 29, 30, 36
Lenin, Vladimir, 119–20
Leninism, 127
Liang Qichao, 110
Liao dynasty, 68, 69, 71
Liao Zhongkai, 121
Li Bo, 63–64
Li Cang, tomb of, 32
Li Dazhao, 126
Li family (Tang dynasty founders), 55
Li Peng, 149
Li Qingzhao, 75
Li Shimin, 53. See also Tang Taizong
Li Si, 18, 21, 22
Li Yuan, 53
Lin Biao, 134, 142, 144
Lin Zexu, 104–5
Literacy, female, 75. See also Education
Literati, 81, 82, 91. See also Scholar-offi cials
Literature, 94; poetry, 49, 63–64, 70, 75;
Qing novels, 100–101. See also under
Book; specifi c title
Liu Bang, 24–25, 32
Liu Bei, 37
Liu family (Han dynasty founders), 30
Liu Ling, 41
Liu Shaoqi, 141, 142–43, 144
Liu Shi, 93–94
Li Yuan, 53Li Zicheng, 95
Loess (soil), xiii
Long March, 128
Longmen cave art, 45, 47, 49, 55
Longshan culture, 1–2
Lü, Empress of Han dynasty, 25
Lü Buwei, 21
Luoyang, 38, 45, 67; as Han capital, 30, 36;
as Tang capital, 53, 55, 60, 62
MacArthur, Douglas, 138
Macartney trade mission, 103
Mahayana Buddhism, 43, 44
Mair, Victor, xvi
Manchuria, 133, 134; Japanese in, 128, 129
Manchus, 95–96, 107, 113; hairstyle
(queue) of, 97, 98. See also Qing dynasty
Mandate of Heaven (tianming), 14, 15,
30, 37; natural disaster and, 145; Qing
dynasty and, 96; Sui emperors and, 52;
Tang emperor and, 59; Yuan dynasty and,
81; Zhou kings and, 9, 10
Mao Zedong, 126–28, 131–35, 137,
138–45; Cultural Revolution and,
142–45; death of, 145; governance
style of, 138–39; Great Leap Forward
and, 140–41; Soviets and, 136. See also
Communist Party
Marco Polo Bridge incident, 129
Market economy. See Economy; Trade
Marriage, 75, 76, 136, 147
Marshall, George, 133
Marx, Karl, 119
Marxism-Leninism, 119–20. See also
Communist Party
May Fourth Movement, 117–18, 123, 124
May Thirtieth Movement, 121
Mencius (Mengzi), 14, 15, 73, 91
Merchants, 28, 31, 39, 46, 69; Arab, 55, 61,
78, 92; British, 102–3, 104–5; caravans
of, 64, 65; Chinese, in Southeast Asia,
61, 91; Confucian values and, 90, 102;
Indian, 55; Japanese, 95; Jewish, 55;
paper money and, 78; Sogdian, 55;
Spanish, 95; Uighur, 55. See also Trade
Military, 12, 21, 48; chariots used in, 9;
Manchu, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 107;
Mongol, 79–80, 81; nomad threat to, 28;
Song dynasty, 68, 69, 72; Sui dynasty, 50,
51; Tang dynasty, 54, 62. See also Armed
forces; People’s Liberation Army
Ming dynasty, 83, 85–95; art of, 76–77, 79,
80, 92–93; Imperial eunuchs, 86, 90, 95;
scholar-offi cials of, 86–87, 90, 91, 95
Missionaries.See Christian missionaries
Ming Taizu Emperor, 86. See also Zhu
Yuanzhang
Modun (Xiongu leader), 25
Monasteries.See Buddhist monasteries