China in World History

72 China in World History

Hangzhou

Beijing

Kaifeng

Fuzhou

Yangzhou

Chengdu

Guangzhou

Khotan

Kashgar

Samarkand

Bukhara

Venice

Jerusalem

Delhi

Ormuz Lahore

Baghdad

Kiev

Moscow

Bolgar

Lhasa

Karakorum

Pegu

(Burma)

Sea of

Japan

Lake

Baikal

Aral

Sea

Persian

Gulf

East

China

Sea

South

China

Sea

Bay of

Bengal

Arabian

Sea

Indian Ocean

Yangzi

Riv

er

Yello

w

River

Bla

ck

Se

a

Ca

sp

ia

nSea

AmurRiv

er

Ind

us

Riv

er

igT

ris

R.

Eu

ph

rat

es

R.

Me

kon

gRi

ver

Brahm

aputraR.

GangesR

.

Keru

len

R.

Volg

aRiv

er

Japan

Borneo

Sumatra

Java

Ceylon

SULTANATE

OF DELHI

INDIA

ARABIA

RUSSIA

SIBERIA

EUROPE

KHANATE OF THE

GOLDEN HORDE

EMPIRE OF THE GREAT KHAN

CHAGATAI

KHANATE

IL-KHAN

EMPIRE

Him

alay

anM

ounta

ins

1277,

1287

1257–58

1285–88

1292–93

(^12191215)
1219
1207
(^1224)
, (^1236)
(^12)
(^24)
1223
(^1237) –
(^42)
(^1220) , 1221
1281
1273
1296–1307
0
(^0) 600 km
400 mi
Mongol campaigns
Area controlled by Southern Song
(1127–1276)
Area lost in 1126 by the
Northern Song
Border of Northern Song (960–1126)
Mongol Empire borders
Cities
THEMONGOLEMPIRES,
CA. 1280 CE,
WITHEARLIER
SONGBOUNDARIES
the Chinese have regarded Yue Fei as a great heroic patriot and Qin Gui
as the ultimate traitor to his nation.
The fate of General Yue Fei refl ected the Song dynasty’s assertion of
civilian control over the military and some shifting cultural assumptions
in the Song that helped prevent an aggressive military campaign against
the Jin regime in the north. Song Confucian offi cials were much more