25.4. Organic Reactions http://www.ck12.org
FIGURE 25.25
PET is used in tires, photographic film,
food packaging, and clothing. Polyester
fabric is used in permanent-press cloth-
ing. Its resistance to wrinkling comes from
cross-linking of the polymer strands.- In an addition reaction, a molecule is added across a double or triple bond of another organic molecule.
Hydrogenation is the process of adding molecular hydrogen, while hydration involves adding water across a
double bond to form an alcohol. - The oxidation of a hydrocarbon can occur by the loss of hydrogen, which makes it unsaturated. The oxidation
of an alcohol produces either an aldehyde or a ketone. Further oxidation of an aldehyde produces a carboxylic
acid. - In a condensation reaction, two organic molecules combine, producing a larger molecule while eliminating a
molecule of water. Esterification is a type of condensation reaction. - Polymers are very large molecules made of repeating units called monomers. Polyethylene is a polymer
formed by addition reactions. Nylon is a polymer formed by condensation reactions.
Lesson Review Questions
Reviewing Concepts
- Can an addition reaction occur between chlorine and propane? Explain why or why not.
- Why does the benzene ring tend to undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions?
- What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol? A secondary alcohol?
- What is the requirement for the structure of the monomers that undergo condensation polymerization?
Problems
- Write the structural formulas and name the products of the following reactions.
a. CH 3 CH=CH 2 + Br 2 →
b. CH 4 + I 2 →
c. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl + KOH→
d. CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 + H 2 O→
e. C 6 H 6 (benzene) + Cl 2 → - Write the structure and give the name of the compound that would be formed from the oxidation of each of
the following.
a. methanol
b. 3-pentanol
c. propanal - Write structures and name the products of the reactions below. Identify the type of reaction represented by
both equations.
a. CH 3 CH 2 OH + HCOOH→